Parallel Inverter Power Control Systems with Master-Slave Coordination

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional solar energy generation systems with on-site energy storage face complexity in managing power flow between various components, leading to inefficient operation and potential under-utilization, especially when multiple PV strings and energy storage devices are involved.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a power control system with multiple inverter power control systems (PCS) configured in parallel, where one PCS acts as a master to manage the operation of others, allowing for coordinated power transfer between DC sources, energy storage devices, and the AC grid or back-up loads, and including a central AC disconnect to prevent overloading.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If multiple inverter power control systems are used to manage power flow between multiple PV strings and energy storage devices, then the functionality and versatility of the energy generation system are improved, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovefunctionalityVSAvoidcomplexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system divides the power control function into multiple independent inverter PCS units, each capable of managing specific PV strings or energy storage devices. This segmentation allows the system to handle complex power flow scenarios while maintaining manageable individual control units with standardized interfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Each inverter PCS is designed as a multi-functional unit that can perform multiple operations including converting DC to AC power, managing energy storage charging/discharging, and coordinating with other PCS units. This universal design reduces overall system complexity by using standardized components rather than specialized dedicated units.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Productivity

If multiple inverter power control systems operate independently to manage power flow, then the power management capability is improved, but the risk of conflicting power flow and system instability increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower management capabilityVSAvoidsystem stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The master inverter PCS continuously monitors the operational status of all slave PCS units and receives feedback signals about power flow conditions. Based on this feedback, the master PCS dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of slave units to prevent conflicting power flows and maintain system stability during various operational scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The master inverter PCS acts as an intermediary coordinator between multiple slave PCS units, the PV arrays, and the grid connection. It mediates power flow decisions by receiving commands from one PCS and distributing coordinated control signals to other PCS units, ensuring that all units operate in a harmonized manner without conflicts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If one inverter PCS manages the operation of other PCS units, then the ease of operation is improved, but the device complexity of the master PCS increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational controlVSAvoidmaster PCS complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The master inverter PCS combines multiple control functions into a single centralized unit, including monitoring of all slave PCS units, coordination of power flow paths, management of energy storage devices, and grid synchronization. This consolidation provides ease of operation through a single point of control while the internal architecture manages the complexity through modular functional blocks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enhances the functionality and versatility of solar energy generation systems by ensuring efficient power management, reducing the risk of component damage, and maximizing energy utilization across multiple PV strings and energy storage devices.

Implementation Method 1

a DC to AC inverter stage configured to receive the DC power input

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDC to AC inversion: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3335292B1Multiple inverter power control systems in an energy generation system
Publication Date: 2020.08.12 TESLA INC
  • EP3335292B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3335292B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3335292B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A power control system includes a first inverter power control system and a second inverter power control system coupled in a parallel configuration with the first inverter power control system. Both first and second inverter power control systems may each include an input configured to receive direct current (DC) power; a DC to alternating current (AC) inverter stage configured to receive the DC power input; an anti-islanding relay coupled to the output of the DC/AC inverter stage; and a transition relay coupled to the anti-islanding relay. The transition relay may be configured to route an output of the inverter power control system between one or more onsite back-up loads and an AC grid. The first inverter power control system may be designated as a master that is configured to control the operation of the second inverter power control system designated as a slave.