Parallel-Slice RF DAC Architecture for Spectral Mask Compliance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing radio frequency digital-to-analog converters (RFDACs) face challenges in meeting regulatory spectral mask requirements due to high power consumption, large area, complexity, and difficulty in calibration, especially in CMOS technology, making them impractical for mass production.

Innovation Solution

A RFDAC design comprising a first stage digital FIR filter, a serializer, and a second stage converter with multiple parallel slices, each with analog delay elements, to convert digital baseband signals into analog RF signals with improved spectral performance, reduced power consumption, and simplified calibration.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a high digital sample rate (40 Gsps) is used to achieve the required spectral mask purity, then the spectral performance is improved, but the power consumption and area increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral mask purityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The converter is divided into multiple parallel slices (K slices), each processing a portion of the data at a lower sample rate. This segmentation allows the system to achieve the required spectral purity through parallel processing of lower-rate signals rather than a single high-rate converter, thereby reducing power consumption and area while maintaining spectral performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Measurement precision

If a high digital sample rate (40 Gsps) is used to achieve the required spectral mask purity, then the spectral performance is improved, but the device area increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral mask purityVSAvoidconverter area
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The converter architecture is segmented into K parallel slices, each operating at a reduced sample rate. This division reduces the area requirement for each individual slice compared to a single high-rate converter, while the parallel combination achieves the required spectral purity. The segmented approach allows for more efficient area utilization in CMOS technology.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Measurement precision

If asynchronous design is used to achieve the required spectral purity, then the spectral performance is improved, but the calibration complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral purityVSAvoidcalibration and mass production
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines synchronous processing with parallel architecture by merging multiple synchronized slices that operate at the same clock frequency. This unified synchronous approach eliminates the calibration and manufacturing difficulties associated with asynchronous designs, while still achieving the required spectral purity through the parallel slice structure. All slices are clocked synchronously, simplifying timing and calibration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP4576587B1Radio frequency digital-to-analog converter
Publication Date: 2026.02.25 STICHTING IMEC NEDERLAND
  • EP4576587B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2B
  • EP4576587B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~4
  • EP4576587B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6B

AI summary

A radio frequency digital-to-analog converter comprising: a first stage converter, driven by a clock signal having a frequency FBB, configured to receive a digital baseband signal and to generate a number N parallel data streams, each having a first resolution; a serializer, driven by a clock signal having a frequency Fs, configured to convert the number N parallel data streams into a serial data stream; and a second stage converter, configured to generate an analog up-converted RF signal based on the serial data stream, wherein the analog up-converted RF signal has a second resolution. The second stage converter comprises a number K slices in parallel, configured to each generate a respective portion of the analog up-converted RF signal, such that the second resolution matches the first resolution. Each slice of the number K slices comprises at least one analog delay element. FBB= Fs / N; N is an integer, N >= 1; K is an integer, K >= 2.