Paralleled Passive Front-End Rectifiers for Common-Mode EMI Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

High power motor drives for applications like elevators and HVAC/R chiller systems face challenges with electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to timing and switching in power systems, leading to increased design costs and complexity, and existing solutions like CM filters are not viable due to weight penalties.

Innovation Solution

A three-phase paralleled passive front-end drive system with a rectifier bridge connected to a three-phase AC power source, using coupling reactance to transfer power to a DC bus and interphase inductors to combine motor excitation signals from multiple inverters, thereby reducing common-mode noise and eliminating the need for CM filters.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If paralleled drives are used to provide high power, then cost effectiveness improves, but common-mode EMI noise increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecost effectivenessVSAvoidcommon-mode EMI noise
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

Interphase inductors are introduced as intermediary components between paralleled inverters. These inductors act as mediators that combine motor excitation signals from multiple inverters while simultaneously suppressing common-mode EMI noise through their inductive impedance, allowing cost-effective paralleled operation without the harmful EMI effects

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Object-generated harmful factors

If CM filters are added to attenuate CM noises, then EMI noise is reduced, but weight increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveCM noisesVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the potentially harmful common-mode currents that flow through paralleled drives into a beneficial solution. By using interphase inductors, the system allows these currents to circulate between paralleled inverters in a controlled manner, transforming what would be EMI noise into a manageable electrical phenomenon that actually helps balance the paralleled system while suppressing emissions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

3Power

If a single large high power drive is used, then power capability is sufficient, but cost and design complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower capabilityVSAvoiddesign complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The high power drive system is segmented into multiple lower-power inverters operating in parallel. Each inverter handles a portion of the total power requirement, reducing individual component stress and simplifying design. The segmentation is coordinated through control signals that synchronize the paralleled inverters, achieving the equivalent of a single large drive with reduced complexity and cost

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution effectively reduces common-mode EMI noise, eliminates the need for CM filters, and allows for cost-effective high power drive systems by stabilizing DC buses and controlling circulation currents, enabling efficient operation of high power motor drives without excessive weight or complexity.

Implementation Method 1

coupling reactance operably configured to transfer power from the rectifier to a first direct current (DC) bus

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

combining the plurality of motor excitation signals from the first inverter with the plurality of motor excitation signals from the second inverter with a plurality of interphase inductors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic coupling: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3574580B1Method of controlling paralleled passive front-end rectifiers
Publication Date: 2024.02.28 CARRIER CORP
  • EP3574580B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3574580B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3574580B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Embodiments herein relate to a method of controlling a three-phase paralleled passive front-end drive connectable to a three phase alternating current power source. The method includes connecting a coupling reactance to the rectifier bridge, the coupling reactance configured to transfer power from the rectifier to a first direct current (DC) bus, coupling the first DC bus to a second DC bus, and connecting a first inverter to the first DC bus and connecting a second inverter to the second DC bus. The method also includes connecting a first controller to the first inverter and the second inverter, the first controller configured to generate control signals to cause the first inverter and the second inverter to generate a plurality of motor excitation signals respectively, and combining the plurality of motor excitation signals from the first inverter with the plurality of motor excitation signals from the second inverter.