Partial Hotword Detection for Speech Recognition Latency

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current speech recognition systems experience latency when waiting for a full hotword to be spoken before performing associated actions, as they typically require the entire hotword to be detected before initiating any actions, leading to delayed processing and user-perceived slowness.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a system that detects an initial portion of a hotword and performs a subset of associated actions immediately, such as waking up a mobile device from sleep or establishing a network connection, allowing for reduced latency and improved processing speed by initiating actions transparently in the background.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If the system waits for the entire hotword to be detected before performing actions, then the accuracy of hotword recognition is improved, but the processing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehotword recognition accuracyVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary actions by detecting and responding to an initial portion of the hotword before the entire hotword is spoken. This allows the device to wake from sleep mode and prepare processing resources in advance, reducing the overall processing time while maintaining accurate recognition of the complete hotword sequence.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The hotword detection process is segmented into multiple stages: initial portion detection triggers wake-up and preparation actions, while subsequent portions continue to be processed for complete hotword confirmation. This segmentation allows parallel execution of wake-up actions and ongoing speech processing, reducing latency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If the system performs actions only after detecting the complete hotword, then the reliability of action execution is improved, but the responsiveness to user input deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaction execution reliabilityVSAvoidresponsiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The system executes preliminary actions upon detecting the initial portion of the hotword, such as waking from sleep mode and initializing processing resources. These preliminary actions improve responsiveness without compromising the reliability of complete hotword recognition, as the system continues to process the full hotword sequence for final action confirmation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Speed

If the system activates all actions upon detecting any part of the hotword, then the responsiveness is improved, but the energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveresponsivenessVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments action execution into preliminary actions and main actions. Preliminary actions (e.g., waking from sleep mode) are triggered by the initial hotword portion, while main actions are executed only after complete hotword recognition. This segmentation improves responsiveness for critical wake-up functions while conserving energy by delaying resource-intensive actions until necessary.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs a partial set of actions (prelimiminary wake-up actions) upon detecting the initial hotword portion, rather than executing the complete action set. This partial action approach improves perceived responsiveness while minimizing energy consumption by activating only essential functions during the interim period.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP3078021B1Initiating actions based on partial hotwords
Publication Date: 2018.12.12 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP3078021B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3078021B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3078021B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, receiving audio data; determining that an initial portion of the audio data corresponds to an initial portion of a hotword; in response to determining that the initial portion of the audio data corresponds to the initial portion of the hotword, selecting, from among a set of one or more actions that are performed when the entire hotword is detected, a subset of the one or more actions; and causing one or more actions of the subset to be performed.