Airborne Particle Detector for 3D Printer Heat Source Safety

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Solution Overview

Problem

3D printing systems face challenges with powder clouds near heat sources potentially leading to ignition or explosion due to the risk of energy sources coming into contact with airborne particles, which existing technologies have not adequately addressed.

Innovation Solution

An airborne particle detection system comprising a light source, detector, and detection engine that emits a light beam through a target space adjacent to a heat source in a 3D printer, allowing for the detection of airborne particles by comparing the detected light with a calibrated amount, and triggering remedial actions such as turning off the heat source or blowing away particles to prevent ignition.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If a heat source is used to solidify build material in a 3D printer, then the manufacturing process can be completed, but airborne particles may be ignited causing fire or explosion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat source temperatureVSAvoidignition risk of airborne particles
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary detection of airborne particles using light scattering detection before the heat source operates. The detection system continuously monitors the build chamber for particle concentrations that would pose ignition risks, enabling preventive action before hazardous conditions develop

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements feedback control by continuously monitoring airborne particle levels and automatically adjusting heat source operation or triggering safety responses when particle concentrations approach hazardous thresholds. The detection system provides real-time feedback to control the heating process safely

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Object-affected harmful factors

If airborne particle detection is implemented near heat sources, then safety against ignition is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveignition risk preventionVSAvoiddetection system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses light as an intermediary substance to detect airborne particles. A light source emits photons through the build chamber, and particle-induced light scattering is detected by sensors, converting an invisible hazard (particle concentration) into a measurable optical signal without requiring direct contact with the particles

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces complex mechanical particle detection methods with optical detection. Instead of using mechanical sensors that would require direct contact with particles, the system uses light scattering principles to detect particles remotely, simplifying the detection mechanism while improving safety

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Effectively detects airborne particles near heat sources in 3D printers, preventing potential ignition or explosion by taking corrective actions when particle densities reach hazardous levels, ensuring safer operation and reducing the risk of fires or explosions.

Implementation Method 1

a light source to emit a light beam through a target space adjacent to a heat source of a 3D printer, a detector to detect an amount of light of the light beam having passed through the target space

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight scattering: Scattering

Implementation Method 2

a detector to detect an amount of light of the light beam having passed through the target space

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP3271149B13D printer comprising a detector for airborne particles, carriage for 3D printer and method
Publication Date: 2021.05.05 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3271149B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3271149B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3271149B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An airborne particle detector comprises a light source to emit a light beam through a target space adjacent to a heat source of a 3D printer, a detector to detect an amount of light of the light beam having passed through the target space, and a detection engine in communication with the light source and the detector to detect airborne particles in the target space using an amount of light detected by the detector.