Partitioned Multistage CO2 Absorption Tower
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current carbon capture technologies face high operating costs and energy consumption, particularly in post-combustion capture, due to high investment costs, inefficient energy use, and secondary pollutant generation, making it challenging to meet urgent CO2 emission reduction requirements.
Innovation Solution
A method for carbon dioxide capture and concentration using partitioned multistage circulation based on mass transfer-reaction regulation, which involves a multistage circulating absorption tower with intelligent regulation, pre-washing, and composite catalysts to optimize absorption and desorption processes, reducing energy consumption and secondary pollutant generation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If MEA chemical absorption method is used for post-combustion capture, then carbon dioxide capture rate is improved, but operation energy consumption increases by 4.0-6.0 MJ/kg carbon dioxide
Solution Approach 1:
The absorption tower is divided into multiple stages with different liquid-gas ratios and operating conditions. Each stage handles a portion of the CO2 capture, allowing optimization of energy consumption at each level while maintaining high overall capture rate. The partitioned multistage circulation enables selective absorption at different concentrations.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes operating parameters (liquid-gas ratio, temperature, pressure) across different stages of the absorption tower. By adjusting these parameters optimally at each stage, the system achieves high capture efficiency while minimizing the energy required for solvent regeneration and circulation.
2Quantity of substance
If high liquid-gas ratio is used in absorption tower, then carbon dioxide absorption capacity is improved, but desorption energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The circulation system is partitioned into multiple stages with progressively decreasing liquid-gas ratios. Earlier stages use higher ratios for bulk CO2 removal, while later stages use lower ratios for polishing, reducing the total amount of solvent requiring energy-intensive desorption.
Solution Approach 2:
The multistage circulation maintains continuous absorption across all stages, with rich solution from one stage feeding into the next. This continuous action allows efficient CO2 loading at multiple points, reducing the burden on any single stage and lowering overall desorption energy requirements.
3Manufacturing precision
If conventional absorption tower is used, then carbon dioxide capture is achieved, but secondary pollutants such as aerosols are generated
Solution Approach 1:
The invention introduces a pre-washing section as an intermediary stage before the main absorption tower. This pre-washing removes particulate matter and condenses water vapor, preventing these substances from entering the absorption tower and forming harmful aerosols during the absorption process.
4Speed
If flue gas is directly introduced into absorption tower, then carbon dioxide absorption starts immediately, but impurities reduce absorption efficiency and generate secondary pollutants
Solution Approach 1:
The pre-washing section performs preliminary treatment of flue gas before it enters the absorption tower. This includes removing particulates, condensing excess moisture, and cooling the gas to optimal temperature, thereby preparing it for efficient CO2 absorption without introducing impurities that would reduce efficiency or create secondary pollutants.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly reduces carbon dioxide capture energy consumption, enhances capture efficiency, and inhibits secondary pollutant formation, achieving a capture rate of 99% or above with desorption energy consumption below 1.8 GJ/t CO2 and lowering operational costs by 30% or more.
Implementation Method 1
method for carbon dioxide capture and concentration by partitioned multistage circulation based on mass transfer-reaction regulation
Implementation Method 2
MEA chemical absorption method
Implementation Method 3
bottom rich solution enters an atmospheric desorption tower
Implementation Method 4
bottom rich solution enters an atmospheric desorption tower, and a liquid outlet at the bottom of the atmospheric desorption tower is connected to an upper liquid inlet of the semi-lean solution section
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a method for carbon dioxide capture and concentration by partitioned multistage circulation based on mass transfer-reaction regulation. In the present invention, multiple means such as multistage circulating absorption, intelligent multi-factor regulation, pre-washing and cooling, inter-stage cooling, post-stage washing, slurry cleaning, cooling water waste heat utilization, small-particle-size and high-density spraying, external strengthening field such as a thermal field/ultrasonic field/electric field, and catalysis by composite catalyst are adopted, so that the target for low cost, low energy consumption, stability and high efficiency is realized. The secondary pollutants are effectively inhibited while carbon dioxide is efficiently captured; meanwhile, high-efficiency capture, low-energy desorption, and high-purity concentration of carbon dioxide are implemented. From top to bottom in sequence, the multistage circulation is used to remove aerosols, improves carbon capture efficiency, maintains absorption rate, concentrates solution, which reduces the carbon emission reduction cost.