Passivated Aluminum Busbar Assembly for Corrosion-Resistant Battery Modules

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Solution Overview

Problem

The aluminum/copper connections in battery modules are prone to electrochemical corrosion and resistance growth, leading to premature aging of battery cells, and existing solutions involving nickel-tin coatings are costly due to the need for surface processing before welding.

Innovation Solution

A battery module with a busbar featuring a purposely passivated surface, comprising a conversion coating such as zirconium, fluorine, and chromium, which allows for direct assembly without expensive surface processing steps, ensuring corrosion resistance and high surface conductivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a Ni-Sn coating is applied to the busbar to prevent electrochemical corrosion, then corrosion resistance is improved, but the coating must be removed prior to welding which increases manufacturing complexity and cost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecorrosion resistanceVSAvoidsurface processing steps
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material parameter of the coating from Ni-Sn to a phosphate-based conversion coating. This chemical composition change allows the coating to remain on the busbar surface during welding without causing porosity or welding defects, eliminating the need for pre-welding surface removal steps while maintaining corrosion protection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The phosphate-based conversion coating is a thin, cost-effective layer that provides sufficient corrosion protection without requiring removal. It acts as a disposable protective barrier that can withstand the welding process, eliminating expensive surface preparation steps

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Reliability

If a Ni-Sn coating is applied to the busbar to ensure electrical conductivity, then electrical conductivity is improved, but the coating causes porosity in laser welding which degrades the electrical connection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical conductivityVSAvoidwelding quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the coating material from Ni-Sn to a phosphate-based conversion coating with different chemical and physical properties. This new coating material is compatible with laser welding processes, allowing high-quality welds to be formed without porosity while maintaining electrical conductivity through the coating layer

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If the busbar surface is left uncoated to enable direct welding, then welding quality is improved, but electrochemical corrosion occurs at the aluminum/copper connection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewelding qualityVSAvoidcorrosion resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The phosphate-based conversion coating acts as an intermediary layer between the aluminum busbar surface and the welding process. It provides a surface that is both weldable and corrosion-resistant, mediating between the conflicting requirements of direct welding and corrosion protection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite surface structure on the busbar by applying a phosphate-based conversion coating. This composite material combines the advantages of both coated and uncoated surfaces, providing both weldability and corrosion resistance in a single integrated solution

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The passivated surface coating provides long-lasting high surface conductivity and corrosion resistance, improving the quality of welding and extending the lifespan of battery cells by preventing premature aging.

Implementation Method 1

Aluminum/copper connection is prone to electrochemical corrosion and resistance growth

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical corrosion resistance: Oxidation

Implementation Method 2

the busbar comprises a purposely passivated surface... provides electrically conductive but also a corrosion resistant coating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 3

said conversion coating improves the quality of welding, especially laser welding, where the busbar is welded to the terminal, since oxides and water on the surfaces are substantially avoided

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurface passivation: Oxidation

Data Source

PatentEP4386931B1Battery module and battery
Publication Date: 2025.04.23 IONCOR OY
  • EP4386931B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3

AI summary

A battery module (100) and a battery (200), comprising at least one battery module (100). The battery module comprises plurality of battery cells (1), the battery cell comprising a terminal (2) made of aluminium or aluminium alloy, and a busbar (3) made of aluminium or aluminium alloy, the busbar being arranged for interconnecting terminals (2) in a same electrical polarity of said plurality of battery cells (1) in an electrically conductive way. The busbar (3) is further arranged for connecting the plurality of battery cells to an electrical conductor element (4) made of copper or copper alloy. The busbar (3) comprises a purposely passivated surface (5).