Patch Antenna Coupling Contact Layout for Low SAR Radiation
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge in designing patch antennas for 5G communications is to achieve low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and low directivity within limited space, particularly in the Z-direction of a back cover support.
Innovation Solution
The antenna design includes a patch radiator with at least two ground points coupled to the patch radiator at intervals greater than or equal to 0.05λ, allowing for even current distribution and omnidirectional patterns, reducing directivity and enhancing efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple ground points are added to reduce SAR and directivity, then antenna performance improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The ground system is segmented into multiple discrete ground points (at least two) distributed on the patch radiator surface, rather than using a continuous ground plane. This segmentation allows the antenna to achieve low SAR and low directivity characteristics while maintaining a simple overall structure.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the patch radiator are assigned different functions: some regions contain ground points for grounding, while other regions maintain radiating elements. The ground points are specifically positioned at locations that optimize current distribution, creating local quality variations that improve overall antenna performance.
2Volume of moving object
If coupling contacts are positioned close to edges to save space, then Z-direction space is reduced, but current distribution becomes uneven
Solution Approach 1:
The positioning parameters of coupling contacts are optimized to maintain distances of 0.05λ to 0.2λ from the patch edges. This parameter range ensures both compact size and uniform current distribution, resolving the conflict between space efficiency and current distribution stability.
3Stability of the object's composition
If coupling contacts are positioned far from edges to improve current distribution, then space consumption increases, but device size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling contact positioning parameters are precisely controlled within the range of 0.05λ to 0.2λ from the patch edges. This optimized parameter range achieves the best balance between uniform current distribution and compact antenna size, preventing excessive space consumption while ensuring stable current distribution.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design results in a patch antenna with low SAR and high efficiency by evenly distributing currents, achieving reduced directivity and improved performance.
Implementation Method 1
a patch radiator, where the patch radiator has a first side edge and a second side edge, the first side edge intersects with the second side edge, and the patch radiator has a first coupling contact and a second coupling contact
Implementation Method 2
a first ground point, coupled to the patch radiator through the first coupling contact, and is configured to ground the patch radiator; and a second ground point, coupled to the patch radiator through the second coupling contact, and is configured to ground the patch radiator
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna includes a patch radiator, a feed point, a first ground point, and a second ground point. The patch radiator has a first side edge and an intersecting second side edge, and a first coupling contact and a second coupling contact. The patch radiator is coupled to the first ground point and the second ground point through the first coupling contact and the second coupling contact, and is biased coupled to the feed point. A distance between the first coupling contact and the first side edge, a distance between the first coupling contact and the second side edge, a distance between the second coupling contact and the first side edge, and a distance between the second coupling contact and the second side edge are all greater than or equal to 0.05λ, where λ is an operating wavelength of the antenna in an operating frequency band range of the antenna.