Patch Antenna Coupling Patterns for mmWave Signal Loss
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-frequency RF signals used in mmWave communications are prone to absorption and loss, degrading communication quality, and existing antennas require specialized techniques to maintain gain and efficiency.
Innovation Solution
The antenna apparatus includes a ground plane with multiple patch antenna patterns and coupling patterns, feed vias, and upper coupling patterns, which are strategically positioned and electromagnetically coupled to enhance gain, bandwidth, and directivity, while minimizing size and transmission loss.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If high frequency band RF signals are used for mmWave communications, then data transmission capability is improved, but signal absorption and loss increase
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into multiple patch antenna patterns (first, second, third, fourth) arranged in a specific geometry. Each patch antenna acts as an independent radiating element, and their combined effect provides enhanced signal transmission capability while distributing the energy to reduce absorption losses in the high frequency band.
Solution Approach 2:
Multiple patch antenna patterns are combined in a unified antenna structure with shared ground plane and feeding mechanisms. The coupling patterns merge the electromagnetic fields from individual patches to achieve constructive interference, enhancing the overall signal strength and transmission capability while maintaining reduced loss through coordinated operation.
2Reliability
If antenna gain is increased to compensate for signal loss, then communication quality is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patch antenna patterns are arranged in an asymmetric geometry relative to the ground plane, with specific spacing and orientation relationships. This asymmetric configuration optimizes the radiation pattern and gain distribution without requiring complex additional components, achieving improved communication quality through geometric optimization alone.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna structure utilizes three-dimensional spatial arrangement of patch antennas at different positions and orientations above the ground plane. By exploiting the vertical and horizontal dimensions simultaneously, the design achieves enhanced gain and communication quality without increasing planar footprint or adding complex mechanical structures.
3Reliability
If multiple patch antenna patterns are added to improve performance, then gain and bandwidth are increased, but antenna size increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple patch antenna patterns are nested within a compact ground plane structure, with each patch strategically positioned to utilize the available space efficiently. The coupling patterns are integrated between the patches and ground plane, creating a nested arrangement that maximizes performance within a minimized overall antenna footprint.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna design transitions from a two-dimensional planar arrangement to a three-dimensional configuration where patch antennas are positioned at different heights and angles above the ground plane. This vertical dimensionality allows multiple patches to coexist in a compact footprint while maintaining optimal spacing for enhanced gain and bandwidth performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration improves antenna performance by increasing gain and bandwidth, reducing transmission loss, and allowing for miniaturization, effectively addressing the challenges of high-frequency RF signal absorption and loss in mmWave communications.
Implementation Method 1
coupling patterns, and upper coupling patterns, which are strategically positioned and electromagnetically coupled to enhance gain, bandwidth, and directivity
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna apparatus includes a ground plane; first and second patch antenna patterns disposed above and spaced apart from the ground plane, and spaced apart from each other; a first feed via providing a first feed path of the first patch antenna pattern through a first point disposed adjacent to an edge of the first patch antenna pattern in a direction spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; a second feed via providing a second feed path of the second patch antenna pattern through a second point disposed adjacent to an edge of the second patch antenna pattern in a direction spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; and a first coupling pattern spaced apart from the first and second patch antenna patterns between the first and second patch antenna patterns, and defining a first internal space exposed towards the first patch antenna pattern.