Patch Antenna Feed Geometry for Wider Radar Beamwidth
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing antenna structures have a limited 3-dB beamwidth, resulting in a small detection angle range in the horizontal direction, which is inadequate for advanced radar systems requiring wider detection angles.
Innovation Solution
The antenna apparatus incorporates a first antenna array with specific included angles between patch subunits and feeders, allowing for a smaller physical aperture in a second direction, enabling a wider 3-dB beamwidth and larger detection angle range in the horizontal plane, while maintaining high radiation efficiency and impedance bandwidth.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Length of moving object
If a series feed form antenna structure is used, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the 3-dB beamwidth is relatively small resulting in limited detection angle range
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the geometric parameters of the antenna structure by introducing specific included angles (θ and β) between patch subunits and feeders. By optimizing these angular parameters, the physical aperture in the second direction is reduced, which directly increases the 3-dB beamwidth and expands the detection angle range in the horizontal plane.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a spatial dimension solution by arranging antenna elements at specific three-dimensional angles rather than in a conventional planar configuration. The first feeder and second feeder are positioned at included angle β relative to each other, creating a three-dimensional antenna structure that achieves wider beamwidth without increasing the physical footprint in the horizontal plane.
2Length of moving object
If the physical aperture is reduced to increase 3-dB beamwidth, then the detection angle range improves, but the radiation efficiency and impedance characteristics may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the included angles θ and β as key parameters to simultaneously achieve multiple objectives. By carefully selecting these angular parameters, the design reduces the physical aperture to increase beamwidth while maintaining proper impedance matching and radiation efficiency through the specific geometric configuration of the patch-subunit and feeder arrangements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different geometric configurations to different parts of the antenna structure. The first patch subunit has a specific orientation at angle θ to the first feeder, while the second feeder is positioned at angle β to the first feeder. This localized geometric optimization ensures that each part of the antenna contributes to both beamwidth expansion and maintaining radiation efficiency.
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna apparatus includes a first antenna array that includes at least one antenna unit, and a first antenna unit in the at least one antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feeder subunit. The first feeder subunit includes a first feeder and a second feeder. A first included angle θ between the first patch subunit and the first feeder satisfies 0<θ<90°. A second included angle β between the first feeder and the second feeder satisfies 0<β<180°.