Patch Antenna Parasitic Element Layout for Low-Elevation Gain
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional patch antennas exhibit high directivity in normal directions but low gain in low-elevation directions, limiting their effectiveness in certain communication scenarios.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a parasitic element spaced away from the radiating element and oriented along the line connecting the center and feeding point, with specific length and positional relationships, to modify radiation characteristics and enhance gain in low-elevation directions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If a flat-plate ground plate is placed parallel to a flat-plate radiating element in a conventional patch antenna, then the antenna achieves high gain in high-elevation directions, but the gain in low-elevation directions becomes low
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna system is segmented into multiple functional elements: a radiating element for primary radiation, a parasitic element for modifying radiation characteristics, and a ground plate for reference potential. This segmentation allows independent optimization of different radiation patterns, enabling high gain in both high-elevation and low-elevation directions simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
The parasitic element acts as an intermediary between the radiating element and the ground plate. It couples electromagnetic energy from the radiating element and redistributes it to enhance low-elevation radiation. The parasitic element mediates the radiation pattern by introducing additional current paths that constructively interfere in low-elevation directions while maintaining high-elevation performance
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The configuration improves gain in low-elevation directions while maintaining a compact design, suitable for vehicle-mounted antennas.
Implementation Method 1
a parasitic element provided at a position spaced away from the radiating element in planar view in which the radiating element is seen from a direction perpendicular to a plate surface of the radiating element
Data Source
AI summary
A patch antenna includes: a radiating element having a flat-plate shape; and a parasitic element provided at a position spaced away from the radiating element in planar view in which the radiating element is seen from a direction perpendicular to a plate surface of the radiating element. A longitudinal direction of the parasitic element is oriented along a direction of a line segment connecting a center of the radiating element and a feeding point in the planar view.