Broadband Patch Antenna Tuning Slots
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional patch antennas have a narrow bandwidth and challenging impedance matching issues, making them less suitable for applications requiring wider bandwidth and more robust connections, while air-spaced antennas offer wider bandwidth but are larger and less durable.
Innovation Solution
The design incorporates a dielectric substrate with a grounding conductor plane and patch radiators on one surface, featuring tuning slots and feed-through conductors to enhance bandwidth and impedance matching, while maintaining the size and durability of substrate-based antennas.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If a conventional substrate-based patch antenna is used, then the antenna is compact and durable, but the bandwidth is narrow
Solution Approach 1:
The patch radiator is divided into multiple segments separated by tuning slots, creating a multi-resonant structure that operates at multiple frequencies simultaneously, thereby expanding the overall bandwidth of the antenna system
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna combines different dielectric substrates with distinct properties (low-loss substrate for radiation, high-dielectric constant substrate for miniaturization) to achieve both broadband performance and compact size
2Quantity of substance
If air-spaced patch antenna is used to increase bandwidth, then the bandwidth is wider, but the antenna consumes more space and is less rugged
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna uses a high dielectric constant substrate to reduce the physical dimensions of the patch radiator while maintaining the electrical performance, achieving broadband operation in a compact form factor without requiring air spacing
Solution Approach 2:
The tuning slots are positioned strategically on the patch radiator to create multiple resonant modes, effectively increasing bandwidth by utilizing different spatial dimensions of the patch structure rather than increasing physical separation
3Ease of manufacture
If conventional feed line connection is used, then the antenna is simple to fabricate, but the impedance matching is difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The feed point is pre-positioned at a specific location on the patch radiator where the voltage distribution and impedance characteristics are optimized, allowing for easier impedance matching to standard 50-ohm feed lines without requiring complex tuning adjustments
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves a significant increase in bandwidth and improves connection efficiency, providing a compact, durable, and high-performance broadband patch antenna system.
Implementation Method 1
A combination of the dielectric constant, size of the patch, size of the ground plane, and spacing between the ground plane and patch determine a resonant frequency for the patch antenna
Implementation Method 2
at least one tuning slot extending from an edge of the patch radiator at least partially toward an interior section of the patch radiator. The at least one tuning slot is separate from the feed point and configured to enhance a bandwidth of the patch antenna
Data Source
AI summary
A patch antenna includes a ground plane on a surface of a substrate. Patch radiators are formed on another surface of the substrate. Each patch radiator includes tuning slots extending from an edge of the patch radiator toward an interior section such that the slot is separate from a feed point of the patch radiator. In some embodiments, the patch antenna includes a first feed-through conductor disposed through the ground plane and substrate and coupled to the patch radiator. In some embodiments the patch antenna with the first feed-through conductor is a razor patch antenna. An antenna system includes a patch antenna and a transceiver board, which includes a substrate and a ground plane on the substrate. A second feed-through conductor runs through the ground plane and transceiver substrate to connect to a transceiver device. The transceiver board and patch antenna are abutted such that the first and second feed-through conductors connect.