Miniature Patch Antenna Two-Layer Dielectric Gain
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Solution Overview
Problem
Miniature patch antennas face challenges in achieving high signal gain due to the limitations imposed by the use of dielectric materials with high dielectric constants, which increase energy loss and reduce antenna effectiveness, while also requiring smaller sizes for compact devices.
Innovation Solution
A two-layer dielectric structure is used, with one layer having a higher dielectric constant and the other a lower dielectric constant, carefully selected to achieve an effective dielectric constant and dissipation factor that matches a single dielectric material, thereby reducing energy loss and enhancing signal gain.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If a dielectric material with high dielectric constant is used to reduce antenna size, then the antenna can be made more compact, but energy loss increases and gain decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the single dielectric layer into two separate dielectric layers with different dielectric constants. The first layer (closer to patch) has higher dielectric constant to reduce size, while the second layer (closer to ground) has lower dielectric constant to reduce energy loss. This segmentation allows independent optimization of size and efficiency parameters.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the dielectric structure are assigned different properties: the first dielectric layer near the patch uses material with higher dielectric constant for size reduction, while the second layer near the ground uses material with lower dissipation factor for reduced energy loss. Each layer is optimized for its specific functional requirement.
2Volume of moving object
If a dielectric material with high dielectric constant is used to reduce antenna size, then compact design is achieved, but antenna gain is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The dielectric structure is segmented into two layers where the first layer provides the dielectric constant needed for size reduction while the second layer compensates for gain loss by having lower dissipation factor, thus maintaining overall antenna effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a composite dielectric structure combining two different dielectric materials with distinct properties. This composite approach allows the antenna to achieve both compact size (through higher dielectric constant of first layer) and maintained gain (through lower dissipation factor of second layer) simultaneously.
3Length of stationary object
If the distance between plates is reduced to minimize antenna height, then device integration is improved, but energy radiation efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The second dielectric layer near the ground plane is specifically chosen with lower dissipation factor to compensate for the reduced plate distance. This local optimization at the ground interface maintains energy radiation efficiency even when overall antenna height is minimized for device integration.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for a patch antenna with a specific effective dielectric constant and reduced dissipation factor, improving the antenna's gain by up to 1 dB compared to using a single dielectric material, while maintaining compact size requirements.
Implementation Method 1
the more the energy is stored in the patch antenna as capacitance and inductance
Implementation Method 2
the more the energy is stored in the patch antenna as capacitance and inductance
Implementation Method 3
The use of a dielectric material between the plates reduces the required plate size
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention, relates to the preparation of a patch antenna with a specific effective dielectric constant; and a reduced dissipation factor. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, size requirements and the desired resonant signal frequency dictate the permittivity value of the dielectric material to be used between the patch plate and the ground plate. Instead of using a dielectric material with the calculated permittivity value and its given dissipation factors a two layer dielectric of the same size with an effective dielectric constant that is equal to the desired dielectric constant, is used to replace the dielectric material and reduce the dissipation factor.