Patch Aperture Antenna Element for Wideband Dual Polarization
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge is to design compact antennas that support multiple frequencies and dual-polarization for electronic devices with limited space, while maintaining high performance and beam steering capabilities, especially for 5G mmWave frequencies.
Innovation Solution
The design incorporates a patch antenna with a conductive structure featuring a bottom element and wall elements enclosing an aperture, along with feed lines and vias to facilitate dual-polarization broadside radiation, allowing for compact and wide bandwidth operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If antenna arrays are used to form beams with higher gain for mmWave frequencies, then path loss is overcome, but beam width becomes narrow
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna element is divided into multiple patches arranged in a specific geometry (e.g., triangular, rectangular) with feed lines connecting to each patch. This segmentation allows the antenna to radiate in multiple directions simultaneously, creating omnidirectional coverage while maintaining high gain through constructive interference of the radiated waves.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna element is designed to perform multiple functions: it provides high gain for mmWave frequencies, achieves omnidirectional radiation pattern, supports dual-polarization, and maintains compact size. The multi-functional design allows a single antenna element to replace what would traditionally require multiple separate antennas.
2Area of moving object
If antenna size is reduced to fit in electronic devices with large displays, then space is saved, but performance is impaired
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna design transitions from a planar two-dimensional structure to a three-dimensional configuration by stacking multiple patches at different heights or angles. This dimensional change allows the antenna to maintain compact footprint while achieving omnidirectional radiation pattern and high gain through spatial diversity.
Solution Approach 2:
Multiple patches are nested within a compact structure where smaller patches are positioned within or around larger patches. This nesting approach allows multiple radiating elements to coexist in a small space, maintaining performance while reducing overall antenna size.
3Reliability
If dual-polarization is implemented to enhance omnicoverage performance, then communication stability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple polarization elements are merged into a single integrated antenna structure where patches are oriented at different angles (e.g., 0° and 90°) and fed by a common feed network. This merging approach achieves dual-polarization functionality while sharing common structural support and feeding mechanisms, reducing overall complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables efficient use of existing components, reduces coupling between feed lines, and achieves multiple resonance frequencies, enhancing performance and gain without increasing device size.
Implementation Method 1
the feed lines are capacitively or galvanically coupled to the patch antenna
Implementation Method 2
the feed lines are capacitively or galvanically coupled to the patch antenna
Implementation Method 3
the isolation via extending from a center area of the bottom element across the aperture and reduce the coupling between the first feed line and the second feed line
Data Source
AI summary
Antenna element comprising a patch antenna extending in a main plane, a conductive structure, a first feed line, and a second feed line. The conductive structure comprises a bottom element and at least one wall element, said wall element at least partially enclosing an aperture, said patch antenna being superposed over said aperture. First feed line and said second feed line extend from said bottom element across said aperture and are coupled to said patch antenna. Aperture may be configured to generate a first resonance frequency (F1) and a fourth resonance frequency (F4), and said patch antenna is configured to generate a second resonance frequency (F2) and a third resonance frequency (F3), (F1)>(F2)>(F3)>(F4). Patch antenna, said conductive structure, second vias, a dielectric gap, and/or a recess is configured to expand the bandwidth of one or several of said resonance frequencies.