Vehicle Path Cost Volume Using Driving Behavior Adjustments

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing path planning systems for autonomous vehicles face limitations in handling non-edge cases and scalability, requiring expert knowledge and being time-consuming, while relying solely on observed driving behavior lacks interpretability and flexibility.

Innovation Solution

Integrate hand-engineered costs with machine-learning models to generate a cost volume that incorporates both movement restrictions and observed driving behavior, using convolutional neural networks to adjust initial cost volumes based on environment data.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If hand-engineered costs are used to generate cost volume, then interpretability and flexibility are improved, but scalability and handling of non-edge cases deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveinterpretabilityVSAvoidscalability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges hand-engineered cost functions with machine-learning-derived cost functions into a unified cost volume. The hand-engineered costs provide interpretability and flexibility for edge cases, while the machine-learning component handles non-edge cases and scales to diverse scenarios. This combination allows the system to leverage both the transparency of rule-based approaches and the adaptability of data-driven approaches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Adaptability or versatility

If machine-learning models are used to generate cost volume from observed driving behavior, then scalability is improved, but interpretability and flexibility deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovescalabilityVSAvoidinterpretability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces hand-engineered cost functions as an intermediary layer between the machine-learning model and the final trajectory selection. This intermediary provides interpretability by offering explicit, human-understandable cost criteria that can be inspected and adjusted. The machine-learning model generates base costs from observed driving behavior, which are then refined and explained through the hand-engineered cost functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If trajectory optimization is used to find potential vehicle-trajectory, then safety and feasibility are improved, but computational time and complexity deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesafetyVSAvoidcomputational time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary action by pre-computing cost volumes for multiple potential trajectories before actual trajectory optimization. The cost volume encodes safety, feasibility, and comfort information in advance, allowing the optimization process to efficiently evaluate and compare pre-scored trajectories rather than computing all constraints from scratch during real-time optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP4172019B1Path planning using delta cost volume generated from movement restrictions and observed driving behavior
Publication Date: 2025.08.13 WOVEN BY TOYOTA U S INC
  • EP4172019B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4172019B1 patent drawingFigure 1C
  • EP4172019B1 patent drawingFigure 1D~2

AI summary

In one embodiment, a method includes determining an initial cost volume associated with a plurality of potential trajectories of a vehicle in an environment based on a set of movement restrictions of the vehicle, generating a delta cost volume using the initial cost volume and environment data associated with the environment, wherein the delta cost volume is generated by determining adjustments to the initial cost volume that incorporate observed driving behavior, and scoring a trajectory of the plurality of potential trajectories for the vehicle based on t the initial cost volume and the delta cost volume.