Intracellular Pathogen Detection via Selective Reproduction Inhibition

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for studying intracellular pathogens in biological samples are limited by interference from multiple pathogens, requiring specific reagents and being less flexible, especially when the nature of the pathogen is unknown or rapidly evolving, making it difficult to observe or test for specific pathogens independently.

Innovation Solution

A method involving contacting the sample with a population of cells in the presence of an inhibitory agent that inhibits the reproduction of a second intracellular pathogen, allowing the first pathogen to reproduce and be tested independently, even when the genomic sequences or antibodies are unknown or cross-reactive.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If general phenotypic assays are used to observe intracellular pathogens, then the assay is straightforward and rapid to perform, but the observables are not specific for a particular pathogen and cannot distinguish between multiple pathogens present in the sample

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestraightforwardness of assayVSAvoidspecificity of pathogen identification
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a second intracellular pathogen as an intermediary element to indirectly detect the presence of the first pathogen. By observing whether the second pathogen can establish infection (as a mediator), the assay gains specificity for detecting the first pathogen while maintaining the simplicity of phenotypic observation methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If specific methods with antibodies or primers are used to observe pathogens, then pathogen identification is more specific, but the methods require specific reagents and are not straightforward or rapid to perform

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespecificity of pathogen identificationVSAvoidstraightforwardness of assay
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive, specialized reagents (antibodies and primers) with a disposable biological system - a population of host cells and a second pathogen. This second pathogen acts as a temporary, single-use probe that can be introduced into the sample, perform its detection function, and then be discarded after a single experiment, eliminating the need for costly reagent preparation and optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Adaptability or versatility

If immunological assays with cross-reactive antibodies are used, then broad cross-reactivity may be desirable for diagnostic purposes, but it makes it impossible to study related and co-existing pathogens independently

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebroad cross-reactivity for diagnosisVSAvoidability to study pathogens independently
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the detection function by using different second pathogens to detect different first pathogens independently. Each second pathogen is specific to its corresponding first pathogen, allowing independent study of multiple pathogens in the same sample. This segmentation enables both broad diagnostic capability (by choosing appropriate second pathogens) and independent pathogen study (through pathogen-specific second pathogens).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables rapid and straightforward testing of intracellular pathogens in biological samples, allowing for independent observation and identification of the first pathogen regardless of the presence of other pathogens, without the need for specific reagents, and provides results within a short timeframe.

Implementation Method 1

contacting the sample with a population of cells in the presence of an inhibitory agent, wherein said agent inhibits the reproduction of a second intracellular pathogen

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInhibition of pathogen reproduction:

Data Source

PatentUS9494571B2Methods of testing for intracellular pathogens
Publication Date: 2016.11.15 NOVARTIS AG

AI summary

A first intracellular pathogen in a biological sample that may contain more than one intracellular pathogen is studied by a method comprising the steps of (i) contacting the sample with a population of cells in the presence of an agent inhibiting the reproduction of a second intracellular pathogen; (ii) incubating the cells under conditions that permit the reproduction of the first intracellular pathogen; and (iii) testing material arising from step (ii) for the first intracellular pathogen.