Pathogen Extraction Apparatus Using Segmented Filtration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional methods for isolating and concentrating microorganisms from biological samples are slow and inefficient, particularly when dealing with large sample volumes or low pathogen quantities, and often pose biological exposure hazards due to manual handling and contamination risks.
Innovation Solution
A sample processing apparatus with a staged syringe or piston arrangement that minimizes user exposure and contamination, using one-way valves to direct fluid flow and a capture filter to isolate and concentrate microorganisms, along with integrated reagents for processing and disinfection, allowing for semi-automated processing and downstream analysis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional centrifugation and manual transfer methods are used, then pathogen isolation can be achieved, but the process is slow and requires extensive user exposure to biological samples
Solution Approach 1:
The device segments the sample processing into distinct functional zones: a sample processing zone with a capture filter for pathogen isolation, and a separate collection zone for concentrated pathogens. This segmentation enables automated processing without user exposure while maintaining isolation efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The device incorporates integrated reagent reservoirs and automated fluid handling mechanisms that perform sample processing, filtration, and concentration without requiring manual intervention. The system serves itself by automatically mixing reagents, filtering samples, and collecting pathogens, eliminating user exposure risks.
2Ease of operation
If manual handling and open sample containers are used, then sample processing can be performed, but biological exposure hazards and contamination risks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The device uses a flexible membrane filter that acts as a barrier between the sample and the user. The membrane allows automated processing and pathogen concentration while preventing biological exposure hazards, as pathogens are trapped on the filter surface without requiring manual handling of open containers.
Solution Approach 2:
The capture filter serves as an intermediary between the biological sample and the collection system. It mediates the separation process by trapping pathogens while allowing automated fluid handling, eliminating the need for direct user contact with potentially hazardous samples.
3Quantity of substance
If conventional processing techniques are used on large sample volumes with low pathogen quantities, then sample analysis can be performed, but efficient concentration and retention of microorganisms is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The device extracts and concentrates pathogens from large sample volumes by passing the sample through a capture filter with appropriate pore size. The filter retains microorganisms while allowing the bulk sample fluid to pass through, efficiently concentrating small quantities of pathogens for subsequent detection without requiring analysis of the entire large sample volume.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid and efficient isolation and concentration of microorganisms, reducing user exposure and contamination risks, improving detection sensitivity, and simplifying sample preparation protocols while maintaining sample integrity.
Implementation Method 1
The resulting sample constituents may be redirected to flow across a capture filter or membrane of appropriate size or composition to capture specific microbes/pathogens or other biological sample constituents
Implementation Method 2
sample backflow and cross-contamination within the device is avoided using one-way valves that direct sample fluids along desired paths while preventing leakage, backflow, and/or undesired sample movement
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosed embodiments related to an apparatus and methods for biological sample processing enabling isolation and concentration of microbial or pathogenic constituents from the sample. Sample may be obtained directly from a specimen container, such as a vacutainer, and processed directly without risk of user exposure. The disclosed methods and apparatus provide a convenient and inexpensive solution for rapid sample preparation compatible with downstream analysis techniques.