Patient-Specific Jig for Joint Replacement Navigation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current joint replacement surgery methods, such as Total Hip Arthroplasty, face challenges in achieving precise positioning of prosthetic implants relative to patient anatomy due to cumbersome mechanical guides and limitations of traditional computer-assisted navigation systems, which require complex registrations and suffer from line-of-sight issues and lack flexibility for intra-operative adjustments.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a system that includes patient-specific jigs and intelligent instrumentation, utilizing sensors and beacons to track positional information in real-time, allowing for accurate alignment and positioning of implants by mapping patient anatomy and providing real-time feedback to surgeons, thereby simplifying the surgical process and improving precision.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional computer-assisted navigation systems are used, then positioning information can be provided, but the systems require complex registrations and suffer from line-of-sight issues
Solution Approach 1:
Patient-specific jigs are manufactured before surgery based on pre-operative imaging data. These jigs incorporate registration features that automatically establish coordinate transformations when attached to the patient's anatomy, eliminating the need for complex intra-operative registration procedures while maintaining positioning accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The patient-specific jig acts as an intermediary between the physical anatomy and the navigation system. It provides stable mounting surfaces for sensors and beacons, serving as a rigid reference frame that connects surgical tools to the pre-operative planning data without requiring direct line-of-sight tracking of anatomical landmarks
2Manufacturing precision
If mechanical guides are used for implant positioning, then alignment can be achieved, but the guides are cumbersome and lack flexibility for intra-operative adjustments
Solution Approach 1:
Traditional mechanical alignment guides are replaced with a digital navigation system mounted on patient-specific jigs. This system uses sensors and beacons to provide real-time positional feedback, replacing cumbersome mechanical constraints with flexible digital guidance that can be adjusted intra-operatively while maintaining alignment precision
Solution Approach 2:
The navigation system provides dynamic, real-time positioning information that can be adjusted during surgery. Unlike static mechanical guides, the system allows for intra-operative modifications to the surgical plan while maintaining precise alignment through continuous digital feedback and recalculation of implant positions
3Reliability
If patient-specific jigs with intelligent instrumentation are used, then real-time positional tracking is achieved, but the system requires multiple components (sensors, beacons, computing units)
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple functional components are integrated into the patient-specific jig structure. The jig combines mechanical guidance features with mounted sensors and beacons, consolidating what would otherwise be separate instruments into a single integrated system that reduces the number of separate components the surgeon must handle
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are methods and systems related to computer-assisted joint replacement surgery, and corresponding instrumentation systems. In one example, there is provided a system for guided surgery comprising: a sensor for coupling to a first bone to receive positional signals; a beacon for coupling to an object to provide the positional signals to the sensor, the object comprising one of a second bone and a surgical tool; a patient-specific jig (PSJ) for guiding a relative position of the sensor and the first bone during coupling to position the sensor in a predetermined pose in an anatomical coordinate frame; and an intra-operative computing unit in communication with the sensor, the intra-operative computing unit configured to calculate poses of the beacon with respect to the anatomical coordinate frame utilizing pre-operative data representing the PSJ and display positional information for the object in real time.