Patulin Adduct Bioconjugates for High-Specificity Immunodetection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting patulin in food and feed samples are inadequate due to the lack of antibodies with sufficient affinity and specificity, leading to complex and costly analyses that are not suitable for high-throughput or low-resource settings.
Innovation Solution
The development of bioconjugates formed by the reaction of patulin with benzene-1,2-dithiols, which create stable 1:1 adducts that can be used to generate antibodies capable of recognizing these adducts, allowing for the production of simple, rapid, and high-throughput immunoassays.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional detection methods are used for patulin, then detection can be performed, but the methods lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity due to inadequate antibodies
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing chemical derivatization of patulin with benzene-1,2-dithiol reagents before detection. This pre-treatment step converts patulin into a derivative form that elicits a stronger and more specific immune response, thereby generating antibodies with higher affinity and specificity for the target analyte.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of patulin by reacting it with benzene-1,2-dithiol to form a derivative. This parameter change in the molecular structure enhances the immunogenicity and allows for the development of antibodies with improved binding characteristics, directly addressing the reliability issue.
2Measurement precision
If complex analytical methods are used to achieve adequate detection, then detection accuracy improves, but the complexity and cost of analysis increases
Solution Approach 1:
By performing derivatization as a preliminary step that simplifies subsequent detection, the patent transforms a complex analytical challenge into a more manageable process. The chemical modification of patulin before antibody interaction enhances detection accuracy while allowing for the use of simpler immunoassay methodologies.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces benzene-1,2-dithiol as an intermediary substance that mediates between patulin and the antibody detection system. This intermediary reagent enhances the interaction between patulin and antibodies, improving detection accuracy while maintaining relative simplicity in the overall analytical approach.
3Ease of operation
If conventional immunoassays are used without derivatization, then the assay procedure remains simple, but the antibodies lack sufficient affinity for patulin
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates derivatization as a preliminary step that enhances antibody affinity without significantly complicating the overall assay procedure. This pre-treatment of patulin with benzene-1,2-dithiol creates a derivative that is more readily recognized by antibodies, thereby improving reliability while maintaining operational simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of patulin through derivatization, which enhances its immunogenicity and the subsequent antibody binding affinity. This parameter change allows for the development of high-affinity antibodies while keeping the assay procedure relatively simple and straightforward.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The bioconjugates enable the production of antibodies with high affinity and specificity for patulin, facilitating sensitive and selective immunoanalytical methods for its detection, suitable for both high-throughput and low-resource environments.
Implementation Method 1
the 1:1 adducts formed by the reaction of patulin with benzene-1,2-dithiols
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to bioconjugates and labeled derivatives of the adducts formed by the reaction of patulin with benzene-1,2-dithiols or their salts. Said conjugates are suitable for the production of antibodies capable of recognizing the aforementioned patulin-(benzene-1,2-dithiols) adducts with high affinity and specificity. Likewise, the present invention also relates to the use of bioconjugates of patulin-(benzene-1,2-dithiols) adducts and of labeled derivatives thereof as assay antigens. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to immunochemical methods for the analysis of patulin, using the bioconjugates and labeled derivatives and antibodies of the invention, which include a previous step to quantitatively convert patulin into these adducts. This invention also provides a kit for analyzing patulin comprising a benzene-1,2-dithiol or its salts, antibodies against patulin-(benzene-1,2-dithiols) adducts, and assay antigens.