Pb2-xCu1+xF6 Cathode Material for Fluoride Ion Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current fluoride ion batteries face challenges in achieving improved performance due to low fluoride ion diffusion coefficients in traditional cathode materials, limiting their charge-discharge capabilities and efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A novel fluoride ion battery utilizing a cathode active material with a composition of Pb2-xCu1+xF6, where 0 ≤ x < 1.75, which phase splits into PbF2 and Cu upon discharge, enhancing fluoride ion diffusion and allowing for effective charge-discharge properties even with larger particle sizes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If traditional cathode materials are used in fluoride ion batteries, then the battery structure can be simplified, but the fluoride ion diffusion coefficient remains low, limiting charge-discharge performance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite cathode material consisting of PbF2 and CuF2 in a specific molar ratio (1:0.5 to 1:2). PbF2 provides high fluoride ion diffusion coefficient and structural stability, while CuF2 contributes to high theoretical capacity. The composite structure combines the advantages of both materials, achieving both fast ion diffusion and high productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the molar ratio parameter of PbF2 to CuF2 (1:0.5 to 1:2) to achieve the best balance between fluoride ion diffusion coefficient and theoretical capacity. By adjusting this compositional parameter, the battery achieves both reliable ion transport and high charge-discharge performance.
2Reliability
If fine particles are used to improve fluoride ion diffusion, then the diffusion coefficient increases, but the manufacturing complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The composite PbF2-CuF2 structure inherently provides high fluoride ion diffusion coefficient without requiring fine particle sizes. The PbF2 phase acts as an ion diffusion highway, allowing efficient ion transport even in larger particles, thus avoiding the complexity of fine particle synthesis and handling.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates local regions of PbF2 within the cathode material that provide high ion diffusion pathways. This local optimization of ion transport properties allows the use of larger, easier-to-manufacture particles while maintaining high fluoride ion diffusion coefficients in the critical regions where ion transport occurs.
3Quantity of substance
If higher capacity cathode materials are used, then the theoretical capacity increases, but the charge-discharge efficiency decreases due to poor ion diffusion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines CuF2 (high theoretical capacity) with PbF2 (high ion diffusion coefficient) in a specific ratio. CuF2 provides the high capacity component while PbF2 ensures efficient ion diffusion, achieving both high theoretical capacity and high charge-discharge efficiency simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the molar ratio of PbF2 to CuF2 (1:0.5 to 1:2) to achieve the optimal balance between capacity and efficiency. By adjusting this compositional parameter, the battery achieves both high quantity of stored fluoride ions and high charge-discharge efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of Pb2-xCu1+xF6 as a cathode active material in fluoride ion batteries results in improved charge-discharge properties and increased theoretical capacity, enabling efficient energy storage and utilization without the need for fine particles.
Implementation Method 1
a cathode active material with a composition of Pb2-xCu1+xF6, where 0 ≤ x < 1.75, which phase splits into PbF2 and Cu upon discharge
Implementation Method 2
an electrolyte layer formed between the cathode active material layer and the anode active material layer
Data Source
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AI summary
A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a novel cathode active material that may be used for a fluoride ion battery. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a cathode active material used for a fluoride ion battery, comprising a composition represented by Pb2-xCu1+xF6, wherein 0 ≤ x < 2.