PCB Antenna Layout for Fluoroscopy-Compatible EM Tracking
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current electromagnetic tracking systems for medical procedures are not compatible with fluoroscopic imaging, often obstructing the view and requiring movement during procedures, which can lead to increased radiation exposure and reduced tracking accuracy.
Innovation Solution
An improved electromagnetic field generating antenna designed to be compatible with fluoroscopic imaging, allowing placement around the patient without obstructing the view, and incorporating an X-ray filter to reduce radiation dose while maintaining image quality.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a traditional electromagnetic field generator is used for tracking, then tracking functionality is achieved, but it obstructs fluoroscopic imaging and requires movement during procedures
Solution Approach 1:
The electromagnetic field generator is segmented into multiple antenna elements distributed around the patient rather than a single centralized unit. This allows the tracking function to be maintained while removing obstructions from the fluoroscopic field of view, as each antenna element can be positioned in locations that do not block imaging paths.
Solution Approach 2:
The system transitions from a two-dimensional planar antenna layout to a three-dimensional distributed arrangement of antenna elements around the patient. This spatial distribution enables simultaneous electromagnetic field generation for tracking and unobstructed fluoroscopic imaging from multiple angles.
2Measurement precision
If the antenna is placed in the field of view for continuous tracking, then tracking accuracy is maintained, but radiation dose to the patient increases
Solution Approach 1:
An X-ray filter is introduced as an intermediary component between the X-ray source and the patient. This filter selectively attenuates harmful radiation while allowing the electromagnetic tracking antennas to function normally, thereby reducing patient radiation dose without compromising tracking precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the physical parameters of the antenna structure and material composition to optimize both tracking performance and radiation safety. By adjusting antenna element configuration, frequency, and incorporating radiation-absorbing materials, the system achieves precise tracking with minimized radiation exposure.
3Measurement precision
If the antenna structure is made visible for tracking purposes, then localization is achieved, but image quality deteriorates due to artifacts
Solution Approach 1:
Different antenna elements are designed with locally optimized properties: some elements are optimized for electromagnetic field generation while others are designed to be radiologically invisible. This local differentiation allows the system to maintain localization accuracy through electromagnetic sensing while minimizing X-ray image artifacts in critical imaging regions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The antenna enables precise tracking without interfering with medical imaging, reducing radiation exposure to the patient and maintaining image quality, thus enhancing procedural safety and efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
The antenna includes one or more antenna elements laid out on a single or multi-layer PCB with current conducting metal traces used for creating electromagnetic fields for tracking sensors
Implementation Method 2
An X-ray filter may be made out of similar sub-components as a full antenna assembly with the sole purpose of reducing the radiation dose to the patient during medical procedures
Data Source
AI summary
An improved electromagnetic field generating antenna is compatible with fluoroscopic imaging and can be placed under, above or anywhere around the patient. The antenna includes one or more antenna elements laid out on a single or multi-layer PCB with current conducting metal traces used for creating electromagnetic fields for tracking sensors. An antenna enclosure is made with a polymer or other non-conductive material. The antenna does not have to be moved for allowing medical imaging during various procedures. An X-ray filter may be made out of similar sub-components as a full antenna assembly with the sole purpose of reducing the radiation dose to the patient during medical procedures without negatively affecting the image quality.