Compact PCB Antenna Layout With Orthogonal Radiators for Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge in the wireless communication field is the need to accommodate an increasing number of antennas on vehicles, such as 4G/5G, GNSS, V2X, BLE, and Wi-Fi antennas, without compromising isolation between antennas of different frequency bands, which often requires significant space and increases costs due to the need for longer distances between antennas operating in the same frequency band.
Innovation Solution
The design involves an antenna configuration where the first and second radiators operate in the same frequency band with orthogonal currents, allowing for reduced distance between them while maintaining good isolation, and the third radiator is positioned to couple with both, further improving isolation and enabling more antennas to be deployed in the same space.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If antennas are disposed closer together to save space, then the quantity of antennas that can be deployed increases, but the isolation between antennas deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dimensionality change by transitioning from a planar antenna layout to a three-dimensional structure. The antenna element is configured with a specific spatial arrangement where the first and second radiators are positioned at different heights and angles relative to the PCB, creating orthogonal current distributions. This vertical and angular separation in 3D space enables better isolation between antennas operating in the same frequency band while maintaining compact footprint, directly resolving the contradiction between quantity and isolation.
2Area of stationary object
If distance between antenna units operating in same frequency band is reduced, then more antenna units can be disposed in original space, but coupling between antenna units increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs asymmetry in the spatial configuration of radiators. The first radiator is oriented perpendicular to the PCB while the second radiator is oriented parallel to the PCB, creating asymmetric current distribution patterns. This asymmetric arrangement ensures orthogonal polarization between the two radiators, which minimizes mutual coupling even when they are disposed close together. The asymmetric geometry allows compact placement while maintaining low coupling between antenna units operating in the same frequency band.
3Adaptability or versatility
If additional antennas are added to meet communication requirements, then communication capability improves, but costs increase due to additional radio frequency cables
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies merging by integrating multiple antenna functions into a single compact antenna structure. The first and second radiators are both connected to the same feed point on the PCB, allowing multiple antenna elements to share common feeding infrastructure. This merging approach enables the deployment of multiple antenna units with enhanced communication capabilities while reducing the quantity of separate radio frequency cables needed, as adjacent antenna units can share cable routes and connection points.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration allows for a higher density of antenna deployment without compromising isolation, thereby meeting communication requirements while reducing the need for additional space and radio frequency cables, thus lowering costs.
Implementation Method 1
the third radiator of the third antenna unit may be coupled to energy of the first radiator and energy of the second radiator
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna comprises a first radiator, a second radiator, a third radiator located on a printed circuit board PCB. Operating frequency bands of the first radiator and the second radiator comprise a first frequency band, a resonance frequency band generated by the third radiator comprises the first frequency band. A current on the first radiator is orthogonal to a current on the second radiator, and a distance between the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator is less than a half of a first wavelength, wherein the first wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.