Multi-layer PCB Antenna Feed Module for Compact Phased Arrays
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Solution Overview
Problem
Designing high-density phased array antennas for the 2-20GHz frequency range poses challenges in physically accommodating connectors at the feed side, as existing feed arrangements are not sufficiently compact.
Innovation Solution
A multi-layer PCB structure with extended portions and balun couplers, including Marchand and tapered baluns, is used to simplify the feeding of antenna elements, reducing the need for external circuitry and minimizing connector space requirements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If conventional feed arrangements are used to accommodate connectors for feeding antenna elements, then the antenna elements can be fed, but the overall structure becomes too large and not sufficiently compact for high-density phased arrays
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the balun coupler and connector into a single integrated feed module. The balun coupler is constructed with conductive elements formed directly on the PCB board, and the connector is integrated with these elements, eliminating the need for separate external balun couplers and reducing the overall feed module size while maintaining full functionality for feeding antenna elements
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from traditional three-dimensional external balun coupler structures to a planar two-dimensional PCB-based implementation. The balun coupler is constructed using conductive elements traced on the PCB board surface, effectively utilizing the board's surface area rather than occupying external three-dimensional space, thereby achieving compact integration
2Device complexity
If external circuitry is used to feed antenna elements, then the feeding function is achieved, but the number of external connectors increases and assembly complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple functions (balun transformation, signal distribution, and connector interface) into a single integrated feed module structure. The conductive elements on the PCB perform both balun coupler and connector functions simultaneously, reducing the number of separate components and simplifying the assembly process while maintaining full feeding functionality
Solution Approach 2:
The PCB-based feed module serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as the balun coupler, provides signal distribution to multiple antenna elements, and incorporates the connector interface. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate external circuitry and reduces assembly complexity while achieving complete feeding capability
Data Source
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Figure 3a
AI summary
A feed module (100) is provided for an array antenna (220). The feed module comprises a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) feed structure for coupling signals between connections to transmitters or receivers and connection points (120) for connecting to antenna elements (225) of the array antenna (220). The multi-layer PCB feed structure comprises a body portion (110), incorporating coupling components (400,405; 500,505), and a number of line sections for connecting to elements of the array antenna. The planar layers of the multi-layer PCB are arranged to be mounted substantially perpendicular to a planar array (220) of antenna elements of the array antenna when the feed module (100) is integrated therewith.