Modular Latent Heat Storage Using PCM Conduits for Scalable CSP
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional CSP plants face limitations in energy storage efficiency and cost due to the need for large, expensive storage tanks and complex heat exchanger systems, particularly during nonoptimal times, and lack a scalable latent heat storage solution with high exergy efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A modular latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) supported on porous substrates within thermally insulated conduits, allowing for efficient energy storage and release with a cascaded design that minimizes temperature changes and reduces capital and operational costs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional large storage tanks are used for thermal energy storage, then energy storage capacity is improved, but system cost and complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the thermal energy storage system into multiple modular latent heat storage units, each containing phase change material in separate containers. This segmentation allows the system to achieve large storage capacity through parallel modular units rather than a single large tank, reducing complexity and enabling easier maintenance and scaling.
2Quantity of substance
If conventional large storage tanks are used for thermal energy storage, then energy storage capacity is improved, but capital cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
By segmenting the storage system into standardized modular units, the patent enables mass production and economies of scale. Each module can be manufactured independently and assembled to achieve the required total capacity, significantly reducing capital costs compared to custom-built large tanks.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes latent heat storage through phase change materials, which store thermal energy during phase transitions (e.g., solid-liquid) at constant temperature. This parameter change approach increases energy density per unit volume compared to sensible heat storage, reducing the total volume and cost of storage infrastructure needed.
3Loss of energy
If latent heat storage systems are used, then exergy efficiency is improved, but scalability for commercial use is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The modular design with standardized containers and modules enables easy scaling from small to large commercial installations. Additional modules can be added in parallel to increase capacity while maintaining the same high exergy efficiency characteristics of latent heat storage.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs universal modular units that can be deployed in various configurations and applications. Each module is self-contained and can function independently or be combined with others, making the system adaptable to different commercial scales and application requirements while preserving the high exergy efficiency of latent heat storage.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves greater than 95% exergy efficiency and reduces capital installation costs by using a containerless design with removable modules, enabling efficient energy storage and delivery even during nonoptimal times, thereby enhancing power cycle efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
the first portion of the heat transfer fluid is circulated through a latent heat storage system in thermal communication with a phase change material so as to cause the phase change material to absorb the thermal energy of the heat transfer fluid
Implementation Method 2
a phase change material to absorb the thermal energy of the heat transfer fluid
Implementation Method 3
a heat transfer fluid to absorb the thermal energy of the sunlight
Implementation Method 4
a latent heat storage system in thermal communication with a phase change material
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides a modular device for latent heat storage, which is made of a conduit with a first end and a second end; and a jacket that surrounds a portion of the conduit between the first end and the second end, wherein the jacket is comprised of at least one phase change material. The invention further provides a system for latent heat storage, comprising a thermally insulated enclosure adapted to receive at least one modular latent heat storage device and a HTF, wherein the HTF flows from an upstream heat source into each of the first ends of the conduit and out of each of the second ends of the conduit comprising the at least one module to a downstream heat exchanger.