PCM Plate Heat Exchanger Layout for Longer Thermal Energy Storage
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing thermal energy storage systems suffer from short storage periods, low efficiency, low versatility, and difficulty of installation, which increases the cost of energy during peak demand hours.
Innovation Solution
A thermal energy storage system comprising a container, a heat exchanger with multiple plates, and a phase change material (PCM) that stores thermal energy by phase transition, allowing for modular and versatile energy storage and release, with improved installation ease.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of stationary object
If traditional thermal energy storage systems are used, then thermal energy can be stored for later use, but the storage period is short and efficiency is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs phase change materials (PCMs) that undergo phase transitions (e.g., solid-liquid, liquid-gas) to store and release thermal energy. During phase transition, the PCM absorbs or releases latent heat at a constant temperature, enabling extended storage periods and high efficiency. The multi-plate heat exchanger facilitates efficient heat transfer during these phase changes, directly resolving the contradiction between storage duration and energy loss.
Solution Approach 2:
The heat exchanger is divided into multiple plates arranged in parallel, creating multiple independent heat transfer surfaces. This segmentation increases the effective heat transfer area and improves thermal energy storage efficiency by reducing thermal resistance and enhancing heat conduction from the fluid to the PCM, thereby reducing energy loss during storage.
2Adaptability or versatility
If traditional thermal energy storage systems are used, then thermal energy can be stored, but installation is difficult and versatility is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs a universal thermal energy storage system that can be applied to various applications including HVAC, industrial process heating/cooling, and waste heat recovery. The modular multi-plate heat exchanger configuration can be adapted to different thermal loads and temperature requirements, providing high versatility while maintaining ease of installation through standardized components and modular assembly.
Solution Approach 2:
The heat exchanger is segmented into multiple identical plates that can be manufactured using standardized processes and assembled modularly. This segmentation enables easy installation and maintenance, as individual plates can be replaced or adjusted without replacing the entire heat exchanger assembly, while the modular design allows adaptation to different application requirements.
3Reliability
If traditional thermal energy storage systems are used, then thermal energy can be stored, but the system complexity increases during installation
Solution Approach 1:
The heat exchanger is divided into multiple discrete plates connected by manifolds, creating a modular assembly. This segmentation simplifies installation compared to monolithic heat exchangers, as the plates can be installed in a standardized sequence and the modular design allows for easier alignment and sealing. The repeated plate structure also improves reliability by providing multiple independent heat transfer pathways.
Solution Approach 2:
The system design optimizes parameters such as plate spacing, channel dimensions, and PCM quantity to achieve reliable thermal energy storage without excessive complexity. By carefully selecting and standardizing these parameters, the patent reduces installation complexity while maintaining high system reliability through consistent thermal performance across multiple plates.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides extended thermal energy storage and release capabilities, reduces energy costs, and enhances installation and maintenance efficiency, making it suitable for various applications including HVAC systems and waste heat management.
Implementation Method 1
a phase change material (PCM) or latent heat storage material
Implementation Method 2
phase change material (PCM) or latent heat storage material
Implementation Method 3
the PCM disposed within the container is also in thermal contact with the plates of the heat exchanger
Data Source
AI summary
In one aspect, thermal energy storage systems are described herein. In some embodiments, such a system comprises a container, a heat exchanger disposed within the container, and a phase change material (PCM) disposed within the container. The heat exchanger comprises an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe; and a number n of plates in fluid communication with the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, wherein n is at least 2. The inlet pipe, outlet pipe, and plates are arranged and connected such that a fluid flowing from the inlet pipe and to the outlet pipe flows through the plates in between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe. The PCM disposed within the container is also in thermal contact with the plates.