Insulation Impedance Monitoring in Power Conversion Units

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing power conversion units (PCUs) lack effective methods to accurately monitor insulation impedance between high voltage conductors and protective earth (PE), leading to potential insulation faults and safety risks due to inadequate detection of degradation in insulation impedance over time.

Innovation Solution

Integration of sensing circuitry, processing circuitry, and switches within the PCU to determine insulation impedance by measuring voltage and current levels, forming a system of equations with known parameters, and adjusting a variable gain to increase sensor resolution, allowing for accurate calculation of insulation impedance and detection of faults.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional insulation monitoring methods are used in power conversion units, then the system structure remains simple, but the measurement precision of insulation impedance is insufficient leading to inadequate fault detection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinsulation impedance measurement precisionVSAvoidsystem structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines insulation monitoring functions with the existing power conversion unit structure by integrating sensing circuitry, processing circuitry, and switches into the PCU. This merging approach enables accurate insulation impedance measurement without requiring a completely separate monitoring system, thus improving measurement precision while controlling system complexity through functional integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces sensing circuitry as an intermediary component that indirectly measures insulation impedance by detecting voltage and current levels. This intermediary approach allows for precise measurement of insulation conditions without direct contact with high voltage conductors, improving safety and measurement accuracy while maintaining manageable system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If insulation monitoring is not implemented, then the device complexity remains low, but the reliability of the power system decreases due to undetected insulation degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower system reliabilityVSAvoidmonitoring system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements preliminary monitoring of insulation impedance to detect degradation trends before they lead to hazardous leakage currents. By continuously measuring and analyzing insulation conditions in advance, the system can identify potential faults early and take preventive actions, thereby improving power system reliability before actual failures occur.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent establishes a feedback mechanism where the processing circuitry continuously analyzes insulation impedance measurements and provides information about insulation degradation. This feedback loop enables real-time monitoring and alerting, allowing the system to respond to insulation deterioration and maintain high reliability by detecting and addressing issues before they become critical failures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If high voltage insulation monitoring is performed without proper circuit design, then the measurement coverage is comprehensive, but the safety risk increases due to potential insulation faults during measurement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinsulation impedance detection accuracyVSAvoidsafety risk from insulation faults
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses sensing circuitry as an intermediary that safely interfaces with high voltage conductors to measure insulation impedance. This intermediary design allows accurate measurement of insulation conditions while isolating the measurement system from direct high voltage exposure, thereby maintaining measurement precision while minimizing safety risks during the monitoring process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent enables the power conversion unit to perform self-diagnosis of its own insulation conditions through integrated sensing and processing circuitry. This self-service capability allows the system to monitor its own insulation health without requiring external testing equipment that might introduce safety risks, thereby maintaining both measurement accuracy and operational safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP3066481B1Systems and methods for insulation impedance monitoring
Publication Date: 2021.01.06 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SOLAR INVERTERS USA INC
  • EP3066481B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3066481B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3066481B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

At least one aspect of the disclosure is directed to a power conversion unit (PCU). The PCU includes a power converter circuit, a safety detection circuit including a plurality of known network impedances and a switch having a first end coupled between two of the plurality of network impedances and a second end coupled to an output terminal, and a controller communicatively coupled to the safety detection circuit and the at least one power converter circuit. The controller may be configured to operate the switch, determine one or more voltage values of the safety detection circuit, and calculate an insulation impedance based at least in part on the one or more voltage values, a position of the switch, and the plurality of known network impedances.