PD-1 Antagonist Compositions for T Cell Activation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current therapies face challenges in effectively enhancing T cell responses, particularly in cancer and infectious diseases, due to undesired inhibitory signal transduction mediated by PD-1 and its ligands, which suppress T cell activation and proliferation.
Innovation Solution
The use of compounds that bind to PD-1 receptors or its ligands to prevent inhibitory signal transduction, including PD-1 antagonists such as B7-DC polypeptides, antibodies, and fusion proteins, which block or reduce the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, thereby promoting T cell activation and proliferation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If PD-1 antagonists are used to block inhibitory signal transduction, then T cell activation and proliferation are enhanced, but the complexity of the treatment regimen increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines PD-1 antagonists with potentiating agents into a single composition, merging multiple therapeutic components that work synergistically to enhance T cell responses while simplifying the treatment approach
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates composite therapeutic compositions containing both PD-1 antagonists and potentiating agents, where the combination produces synergistic effects that enhance T cell activation and proliferation beyond what either component could achieve alone
2Object-affected harmful factors
If PD-1 and its ligands interact, then inhibitory signal transduction occurs suppressing T cell activation, but blocking this interaction requires specific antagonists that increase treatment complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful inhibitory signal transduction into a beneficial therapeutic effect by using PD-1 antagonists to block the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, thereby eliminating the suppressive effect and enhancing T cell activation and proliferation
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces PD-1 antagonists as intermediary molecules that specifically bind to PD-1 or its ligands, preventing the harmful interaction while allowing other necessary immune interactions to proceed normally
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The approach effectively increases T cell responses, leading to enhanced immune activation and improved treatment outcomes for cancer and infectious diseases by reducing inhibitory signals and promoting robust immune responses.
Implementation Method 1
Contact between PD-1 and one of its ligands (B7-H1 or B7-DC) induces an inhibitory response that decreases T cell multiplication and/or the strength and/or duration of a T cell response
Data Source
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AI summary
Methods of treating cancer and infectious diseases utilizing a treatment regimen comprising administering a compound that reduces inhibitory signal transduction in T cells, in combination with a potentiating agent, such as cyclophosphamide, to produce potent T cell mediated responses, are described. Compositions comprising the PD-1 antagonists and potentiating agents useful in the methods of the invention are also disclosed.