PD Catheter Decontamination Using Citrate-Surfactant Biofilm Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for treating indwelling PD catheters are ineffective in penetrating and breaking down biofilms, allowing bacteria to shield within the catheter and leading to relapsing peritonitis, despite the use of antibiotics.
Innovation Solution
A biofilm removal solution comprising sodium citrate dihydrate, citric acid anhydrous, and alkyl sulfonate, such as metallauryl sulfate, is delivered through the PD catheter to disrupt biofilms, allowing antibiotics to effectively target bacteria.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If antibiotics are used to treat bacteria in PD catheters, then bacterial infection is addressed, but biofilms shield bacteria from antibiotics rendering treatment ineffective
Solution Approach 1:
The biofilm removal solution is administered before antibiotics to preemptively disrupt the biofilm structure. This preliminary action removes the protective barrier that would otherwise shield bacteria from antibiotic penetration, thereby enabling subsequent antibiotic treatment to be effective.
Solution Approach 2:
The biofilm removal solution acts as an intermediary substance that facilitates antibiotic penetration. By first applying this solution to degrade and remove the biofilm matrix, it creates a pathway that allows antibiotics to reach and contact the bacteria directly, overcoming the shielding effect.
2Productivity
If standard antibiotic lock solutions are used, then bacteria are killed, but the solution cannot penetrate into mature biofilms
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical parameters of the treatment solution by incorporating specific biofilm-degrading agents (such as enzymes or chelating agents) that can penetrate and disrupt the biofilm matrix. This modification of solution composition enables penetration into mature biofilms that standard antibiotic solutions cannot reach.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If Heparin or TPA are used to prevent fibrin formation, then fibrin is addressed, but these agents do not target or remove biofilm
Solution Approach 1:
The treatment approach is segmented into distinct functional components: fibrin prevention agents (heparin/TPA) address one harmful factor while separate biofilm removal agents address another. This segmentation allows each component to target its specific substrate effectively without requiring a single multi-functional agent.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively removes biofilms from PD catheters, enabling antibiotics to penetrate and kill bacteria, thereby preventing relapsing peritonitis.
Implementation Method 1
the citric acid attaches to and removes metallic bonds of extracellular polymeric substances secreted by microorganisms to thus remove the extracellular polymeric substances of the biofilm
Implementation Method 2
a biofilm removing solution comprising sodium citrate dihydrate, citric acid anhydrous, and alkyl sulfonate, such as metallauryl sulfate, is delivered through the PD catheter to disrupt biofilms
Implementation Method 3
alkyl sulfonate, such as metallauryl sulfate
Data Source
AI summary
A method of performing peritoneal dialysis (PD), the method comprising: delivering a PD fluid to the peritoneal cavity of a patient through a PD catheter; dwelling the PD fluid within the peritoneal cavity; and while dwelling the PD fluid, removing a biofilm from the PD catheter wall using a biofilm removing solution. The biofilm removing solution comprises: sodium citrate dihydrate; citric acid anhydrous; sodium lauryl sulfate; and water. In another aspect, a method for decontaminating a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter and removing a biofilm from the PD catheter and a transfer set, the method comprising: providing a biofilm removing solution; transferring the biofilm removing solution into a syringe; connecting the syringe to a transfer set of the PD catheter; and filling the transfer set and the PD catheter with the biofilm removing solution.