Pd-Ru Alloy Catalyst Resists CO Poisoning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Palladium fine particles used as catalysts for exhaust gas purification suffer from performance deterioration due to poisoning by carbon monoxide, and rhodium is expensive, while existing catalysts using alloy fine particles have limitations in catalytic activity and production methods for Pd-Ru alloy fine particles are not effective in inhibiting homocoupling reactions in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
Innovation Solution
Formation of a solid solution between palladium and ruthenium alloy fine particles, which are produced by maintaining a solution containing a protective agent, reducing agent, palladium compound, and ruthenium compound at a temperature higher than a predetermined temperature, resulting in high catalytic activity for oxidation and reduction reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If palladium fine particles are used as catalyst for exhaust gas purification, then catalytic activity is provided, but performance deteriorates due to poisoning by carbon monoxide
Solution Approach 1:
The invention uses a Pd-Ru alloy composite material where palladium and ruthenium are combined at the atomic level. This composite structure allows the catalyst to maintain high catalytic activity while resisting poisoning by carbon monoxide, as the ruthenium component protects the palladium from deactivation
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameter by forming a solid solution alloy with specific Pd:Ru ratios (0.1:0.9 to 0.9:0.1). This parameter modification transforms the catalyst's resistance to CO poisoning while maintaining catalytic functionality
2Reliability
If rhodium fine particles are used as catalyst, then catalytic activity is provided, but cost increases due to expensive material
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces expensive rhodium with a Pd-Ru alloy system that uses more abundant and cheaper palladium and ruthenium metals. The alloy achieves comparable or superior catalytic performance to rhodium at significantly lower material cost
Solution Approach 2:
By creating a Pd-Ru alloy composite, the invention achieves rhodium-level catalytic performance using cheaper constituent metals, eliminating the need for expensive rhodium while maintaining high catalyst activity
3Reliability
If conventional alloy fine particles are used as catalyst, then catalytic activity is provided, but homocoupling reaction cannot be inhibited in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling
Solution Approach 1:
The invention modifies the catalyst's chemical composition by creating a solid solution alloy with specific Pd:Ru ratios. This compositional parameter change alters the catalyst's interaction with reaction intermediates, selectively promoting cross-coupling while suppressing homocoupling side reactions
Solution Approach 2:
The solid solution structure creates local atomic environments where Pd and Ru atoms are distributed at the atomic level. This local structural quality provides specific active sites that favor cross-coupling reactions over homocoupling, enabling selective catalysis
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The Pd-Ru alloy fine particles exhibit enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation, NOx reduction, H2 oxidation, and hydrocarbon oxidation, outperforming individual Pd and Ru fine particles and their mixtures, and demonstrate effective catalytic performance in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.
Implementation Method 1
palladium-ruthenium alloy fine particles in which palladium and ruthenium form a solid solution
Implementation Method 2
catalytic activity for oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide
Implementation Method 3
catalytic activity for reduction reaction of nitrogen oxide
Implementation Method 4
catalytic activity for oxidation reaction of hydrogen gas
Implementation Method 5
catalytic activity for oxidation reaction of hydrocarbon
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3A~3B
AI summary
The catalyst disclosed is a catalyst including palladium-ruthenium alloy fine particles in which palladium and ruthenium form a solid solution. The palladium-ruthenium alloy fine particles used in this catalyst can be produced by a production method including the step of maintaining a solution containing a protective agent, a reducing agent, a palladium compound or palladium ions, and a ruthenium compound or ruthenium ions at a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.