PEDOT-Coated Flexible Cellulose Paper via Interfacial Polymerization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for preparing PEDOT electrodes on flexible substrates face challenges in achieving high conductivity while maintaining mechanical integrity and scalability, with existing processes often resulting in low sheet resistance and limited mechanical stability.

Innovation Solution

A process involving interfacial polymerization at the interface of two immiscible liquids is used to coat cellulose paper with PEDOT, achieving high conductivity and low sheet resistance through controlled polymer growth along the paper fibers, allowing for the production of flexible supercapacitors and DSSC counter electrodes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional methods are used to prepare PEDOT electrodes on flexible substrates, then the substrate provides mechanical support, but the sheet resistance remains high and conductivity is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveconductivityVSAvoidsheet resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses an intermediary approach by preparing PEDOT on a temporary rigid support (glass slide) and then transferring it to the flexible substrate. This intermediary step allows the PEDOT to form with optimal conditions on the rigid surface, achieving low sheet resistance (2-4 Ω/sq), and then transfers to provide both high conductivity and flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary polymerization of PEDOT on a rigid glass support before transferring to the flexible substrate. This preliminary action ensures that the PEDOT layer forms with proper morphology and low sheet resistance under controlled conditions, which would be difficult to achieve directly on the flexible substrate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Adaptability or versatility

If flexible substrates are used to reduce weight and improve flexibility, then mechanical properties improve, but conductivity and electrochemical activity are compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveflexibilityVSAvoidelectrochemical activity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the preparation process into two independent stages: (1) PEDOT formation on rigid support, and (2) transfer to flexible substrate. This segmentation allows each stage to be optimized independently - the first for conductivity and the second for flexibility - thereby achieving both high electrochemical activity and mechanical flexibility simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite structure combining PEDOT polymer with flexible substrate (cellulose paper, plastic film, or fabric). This composite material integrates the high conductivity of PEDOT with the mechanical flexibility of the substrate, achieving both electrochemical activity and adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Reliability

If metal foils are used as current collectors, then high conductivity is achieved, but cost, corrosion, and density issues arise

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveconductivityVSAvoidcost and corrosion resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive metal foils with inexpensive flexible substrates such as cellulose paper, plastic films, or fabrics. These disposable-like flexible supports eliminate the need for costly metals while maintaining flexibility and reducing corrosion issues, making the overall device cheaper and more durable.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the material parameter from metal to polymer-based flexible substrates. This parameter change maintains the essential function of mechanical support while improving cost-effectiveness, reducing corrosion, and maintaining flexibility, thereby resolving the contradictions with metal foils.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Adaptability or versatility

If PEDOT is prepared directly on flexible substrate, then flexibility is maintained, but sheet resistance remains high due to poor polymer growth control

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveflexibilityVSAvoidsheet resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The rigid glass slide serves as an intermediary surface that provides a stable, flat platform for controlled PEDOT polymerization. This intermediary allows precise control of polymer growth, achieving low sheet resistance (2-4 Ω/sq), and then the completed PEDOT layer is transferred to the flexible substrate, combining manufacturing precision with flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The resulting PEDOT-coated cellulose paper exhibits conductivity up to 400 S/cm with a sheet resistance of 2-4 Ω/m, maintaining stability and flexibility, outperforming previous methods in terms of conductivity retention and mechanical adhesion.

Implementation Method 1

A process involving interfacial polymerization at the interface of two immiscible liquids is used to coat cellulose paper with PEDOT, achieving high conductivity and low sheet resistance through controlled polymer growth along the paper fibers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterfacial polymerization: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentEP3237678B1A pedot coated flexible cellulose paper by interfacial polymerization
Publication Date: 2020.02.26 COUNCIL OF SCI & IND RES
  • EP3237678B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~2c
  • EP3237678B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~4d
  • EP3237678B1 patent drawingFigure 5a~6d

AI summary

The present invention discloses a highly conducting polyethylenedioxythiphene (PEDOT) flexible paper with a very low sheet resistance and high conductivity and process for preparation thereof, by inducing the polymerization at the interface of two immiscible liquids on a cellulose paper to trigger PEDOT growth along the fibers of the cellulose paper. The present invention discloses the use of the said conducting paper for the preparation of flexible supercapacitor and for the preparation of counter electrode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC).