Peltier Matrix for Enclosure Thermal Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional temperature management and airflow systems in electrical enclosures are prone to failures, leading to risks of overheating and damage to devices, especially in varying environmental conditions.

Innovation Solution

A system utilizing a matrix of identical Peltier effect modules arranged to form a quasi-continuous surface, controlled by a unit that determines temperature and airflow orientation and intensity, with controllable valves to manage airflow and temperature gradients within the enclosure.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If conventional ventilation, cooling, or heating systems are used in electrical enclosures, then temperature control capability is improved, but system reliability deteriorates due to mechanical failures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature control capabilityVSAvoidsystem reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical ventilation systems (fans, motors) with a solid-state Peltier effect-based active wall that directly generates temperature differences and drives airflow through thermal gradients. This eliminates mechanical components prone to failure, thereby improving reliability while maintaining temperature control capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The Peltier effect module serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as both a heating element and a cooling element, and also generates the airflow drive force through temperature-induced pressure differences. This multi-functionality consolidates what would traditionally require separate ventilation, heating, and cooling systems into a single reliable component.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If multiple separate systems (ventilation, cooling, heating) are added to the electrical cabinet, then adaptability to environmental conditions is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadaptability to environmental conditionsVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The active wall incorporating Peltier effect modules serves as a universal system that can provide heating, cooling, and airflow generation functions depending on the applied current direction and magnitude. This single multi-functional component replaces what would traditionally require separate ventilation fans, air conditioners, and heating resistors, thereby reducing device complexity while maintaining full adaptability to various environmental conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adapts to environmental conditions by controlling the polarity and intensity of the applied current to the Peltier modules. By reversing current direction, the wall can switch between heating and cooling modes; by adjusting current magnitude, it can modulate the intensity of temperature control and airflow generation, providing versatile adaptation without additional hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Use of energy by moving object

If prolonged interruption of ventilation system occurs, then energy consumption is reduced, but temperature management reliability deteriorates leading to overheating risks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy consumptionVSAvoidtemperature management reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The control unit continuously monitors temperature conditions inside the electrical enclosure and automatically adjusts the Peltier module operation accordingly. When overheating is detected, the system activates cooling mode; when temperature is adequate, it reduces or stops operation. This feedback control ensures temperature management reliability while optimizing energy consumption, eliminating the risk of prolonged ventilation interruption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The active wall system automatically responds to thermal conditions without requiring external control or manual intervention. The Peltier modules self-regulate temperature and generate airflow as needed based on applied electrical control, providing reliable temperature management that adapts to conditions without energy waste from continuous operation or failure risks from mechanical system interruptions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution provides reliable, maintenance-free temperature control and airflow management, reducing the risk of device damage by creating efficient temperature homogenization and localized cooling/heating without mechanical failures.

Implementation Method 1

said wall comprises a matrix of several Peltier effect modules, each module having a cold face and a hot face; said cold faces of the modules being oriented towards the inside of the chute and said hot faces of the modules being oriented towards the outside of the chute

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPeltier effect: Peltier Effect

Implementation Method 2

an air flow is generated by following an alignment of modules, by the principle of natural convection, going from the module with the coldest internal face to the module with the warmest internal face

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNatural convection: Free Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3644698B1System for managing temperature and for generating an air flow in an electric envelope
Publication Date: 2022.06.15 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC IND SAS
  • EP3644698B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2B
  • EP3644698B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3D
  • EP3644698B1 patent drawingFigure 3E~4B

AI summary

The invention relates to a temperature management and airflow generation system in an electrical enclosure, said system comprising: - A chute (40, 400) including at least a first opening, a second opening and a channel (41, 401) arranged between said first opening and said second opening to pass said airflow between the two openings, - A matrix (20) of several independent Peltier effect modules (M), - Said matrix including at least one alignment of several Peltier effect modules arranged along a said principal direction oriented along said channel, each module of the matrix having a face inside the chute and a face outside said chute, - A control unit (CU) configured to control each Peltier effect module of the matrix individually.