Hollow Charge Penetrator Tip Opening Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing penetrators with hollow charges face power loss and reduced target crater depth due to insufficient tip openings, which hinder effective penetration and increase the risk of collateral damage in urban environments.

Innovation Solution

A penetrator design featuring a tip opening with a diameter of 10-40% of the caliber, closed by a metal cup and a plastic plug, which controls the expansion and fragmentation of the shaped charge spike to enhance penetration power while preventing unwanted spike formation in structures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the tip opening diameter is increased to allow full spike passage, then penetration power is improved, but the risk of collateral damage in urban environments increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepenetration powerVSAvoidcollateral damage risk
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The tip opening diameter is made variable through a control mechanism that adjusts the opening size based on operational requirements. For hard targets, the opening is enlarged to allow full spike passage and maximize penetration power. For urban/soft targets, the opening is reduced or closed to suppress spike formation and minimize collateral damage, thus dynamically adapting the penetrator's behavior to different operational contexts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The physical parameter of tip opening diameter is changed according to the target type. By controlling the opening size parameter within a specific range, the penetrator can switch between two operational modes: full power mode for hard targets and suppressed mode for urban environments, allowing optimization of both penetration power and safety depending on the mission requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-affected harmful factors

If the tip opening is reduced to minimize collateral damage, then safety in urban environments is improved, but penetration power against hard targets is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollateral damage riskVSAvoidpenetration power
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs a dynamic control mechanism that adjusts the tip opening diameter in real-time based on the detected or selected target type. When urban environments or soft targets are identified, the opening is reduced to suppress spike formation and minimize harmful effects. When hard targets requiring maximum penetration are detected, the opening is enlarged to restore full penetration capability, thus dynamically balancing safety and effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The tip opening diameter parameter is varied within a controlled range to achieve different operational outcomes. For safety-critical applications in urban areas, the parameter is set to a smaller value to prevent excessive spike formation. For maximum penetration scenarios, the parameter is adjusted to a larger value, allowing the system to optimize the trade-off between safety and penetration power based on operational requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-affected harmful factors

If a removable plug is used to close the opening, then control over spike formation is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespike formation controlVSAvoidclosure mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The closure mechanism is divided into separable components, specifically a removable plug that can be detached from the penetrator body. This segmentation allows the plug to be easily installed or removed without complex assembly procedures, simplifying the overall device while maintaining the ability to control spike formation through the presence or absence of the plug.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The plug is designed as a detachable component that can be completely removed from the penetrator. This extraction capability provides simple yet effective control over spike formation: when the plug is in place, it restricts opening size and suppresses spike formation; when removed, full penetration capability is restored. This approach avoids the need for complex active control systems while maintaining operational flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design increases the shaped charge's penetration power for hard and semi-hard targets while minimizing damage and contamination risks during storage and operation, ensuring controlled spike reduction and suppression within structures.

Implementation Method 1

the opening in the tip of the penetrator is closed by means of a plastic plug surrounded by a metal cup

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhysical Containment: Physical Containment

Implementation Method 2

the liner generates a spike that can form in the cavity in front of the shaped charge, accelerate in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the penetrator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectShaped Charge: Shaped Charge

Implementation Method 3

reduce the power of the shaped charge spike in a controlled manner

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectControlled Fragmentation: Fracture Mechanics

Data Source

PatentEP2487451B1Hollow charge penetrator
Publication Date: 2018.01.17 TDW GES FR VERTEIDIGUNGSTECHN WIRKSYST MBH
  • EP2487451B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2487451B1 patent drawingFigure 4~7

AI summary

The penetrator (1) comprises a sheath (3) reinforced in the area of a tip (2), and a rear side arranged ignition system (4), which cooperates with a hollow charge-explosive charge (5). An opening (8) is provided, which is arranged in the tip of the penetrator rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis (L) of the penetrator. A metal cup is provided, which is detachably connected with the sheath.