Peptide Epitopes for Targeted SCLC Immunotherapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cancer treatments for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are limited by severe side effects and high costs, and there is a need for better biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction, as well as more effective immunotherapy approaches that minimize side effects and target cancer cells specifically.
Innovation Solution
Development of novel peptide sequences derived from HLA class I molecules of human tumor cells that can be used in vaccine compositions to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, binding to MHC molecules and recognized by T cells, potentially used in combination with other tumor-associated peptides to induce T-cell responses.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional cancer treatments (chemotherapy and radiation therapy) are used for small cell lung cancer, then cancer cells can be killed, but severe side effects occur and treatment costs are high
Solution Approach 1:
The invention segments the cancer treatment approach by identifying and targeting specific peptide epitopes (such as those from CCNE2, ECT2, and other tumor-associated antigens) that are uniquely expressed or overexpressed on cancer cells. This allows the immune system to be directed specifically at tumor cells rather than causing system-wide damage, thereby maintaining treatment effectiveness while reducing harmful side effects to healthy tissues
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses peptide epitopes as intermediaries between the immune system and cancer cells. These peptides serve as specific mediators that the immune system recognizes and targets, enabling precise cancer cell destruction without the need for non-specific chemotherapy or radiation that damage healthy cells. The peptides act as bridges that translate immune recognition into targeted cancer cell killing
2Reliability
If conventional cancer treatments are used, then cancer can be treated, but treatment costs are high
Solution Approach 1:
The invention employs relatively simple peptide epitope sequences (short amino acid chains) that can be synthesized inexpensively and used as vaccine components or diagnostic tools. These peptide-based immunotherapies represent a cost-effective alternative to expensive conventional treatments, providing sustained immune protection through relatively simple, low-cost biological molecules that can be produced and administered at lower costs
3Measurement precision
If current diagnostic methods are used for cancer, then cancer can be detected, but better biomarkers are needed for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by focusing on specific peptide epitopes from tumor-associated antigens (such as CCNE2, ECT2, and other cancer-specific proteins) that are locally expressed or overexpressed on cancer cells. These localized peptide markers provide precise diagnostic information about tumor presence, type, and characteristics, enabling more accurate detection and prognosis without requiring comprehensive but less informative general screening methods
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
These peptides can elicit targeted anti-tumor immune responses, potentially leading to more effective cancer treatment with reduced side effects and improved diagnostic and prognostic capabilities by specifically targeting cancer cells, enhancing treatment outcomes for SCLC and other cancers.
Implementation Method 1
Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.