Peptides for Upper GI Disorders via GC-C Activation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current treatments for upper gastrointestinal disorders such as functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis are limited in efficacy and safety, failing to effectively address symptoms like bloating, epigastric pain, and delayed gastric emptying without causing adverse effects on bowel habits.

Innovation Solution

Development of peptides that selectively activate guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) in the upper gastrointestinal tract, promoting motility and reducing pain without significant effects on the lower gastrointestinal tract, utilizing a phosphoamino acid to mimic glutamate or aspartate and being dephosphorylated by intestinal alkaline phosphatase to reduce activity in the lower GI.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional treatments are used for upper gastrointestinal disorders, then some therapeutic effect is achieved, but adverse effects on bowel habits occur and efficacy is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetherapeutic efficacyVSAvoidadverse effects on bowel habits
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The peptide is designed to selectively activate GC-C receptors in the upper gastrointestinal tract while having minimal effect on lower GI tract. This is achieved through the peptide's specific sequence and its interaction with regional differences in GC-C receptor distribution and activity, allowing localized therapeutic action without systemic side effects

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The gastrointestinal tract is functionally segmented into upper and lower regions with different therapeutic needs. The peptide targets the upper GI tract (stomach and proximal intestine) for treating dyspepsia and gastroparesis symptoms, while deliberately avoiding significant activation in the lower GI tract to prevent diarrhea and bowel habit alterations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Productivity

If peptide activity is increased to effectively treat upper GI symptoms, then motility and pain relief improve, but effects on lower GI tract increase causing diarrhea

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesymptom relief effectivenessVSAvoiddiarrhea and altered bowel habits
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The peptide exploits regional differences in GC-C receptor distribution and activity between upper and lower GI tract. By designing a peptide with specific sequence characteristics, it achieves high efficacy in the upper GI tract where GC-C is densely expressed and functionally relevant, while having minimal activity in the lower GI tract where the same activation would cause harmful diarrhea

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The peptide mimics the structure and function of endogenous GC-C activating peptides (such as urodilatin and adrenomedullin) but with modified sequence to optimize upper GI selectivity. This structural copying provides the necessary activity for therapeutic effect while the sequence modifications restrict the location of action

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The peptides effectively alleviate upper GI symptoms like bloating and pain by increasing motility and bicarbonate secretion in the upper GI, while minimizing effects on bowel habits, thus providing a targeted therapeutic approach for upper GI disorders.

Implementation Method 1

utilizing a phosphoamino acid to mimic glutamate or aspartate and being dephosphorylated by intestinal alkaline phosphatase to reduce activity in the lower GI

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDephosphorylation: Hydrolysis

Data Source

PatentEP2499154B1Treatments for gastrointestinal disorders
Publication Date: 2016.12.21 IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS INC
  • EP2499154B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1
  • EP2499154B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2499154B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention provides peptides that are useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The present invention also provides compositions and methods of treating gastrointestinal disorders and pharmaceutical compositions for accomplishing the same. In some embodiments, these pharmaceutical compositions include oral dosage forms.