Tumor-Associated Peptides for Specific NSCLC Immunotherapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are limited, with existing therapies providing modest survival benefits and a need for new therapeutic strategies that target cancer cells specifically while minimizing side effects, as well as the challenge of identifying effective tumor-associated antigens for immunotherapy.
Innovation Solution
Development of peptides, such as those with the amino acid sequence KVLEHVVRV, that bind to MHC class I or II molecules and induce T-cell responses, used in vaccine compositions or as targets for T-cell receptors to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, and the use of these peptides in combination with other tumor-associated peptides to generate specific T-cell receptors for targeting cancer cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If current treatments for non-small cell lung cancer are used, then treatment can be provided, but survival benefits are modest and side effects occur
Solution Approach 1:
The invention segments the cancer treatment approach by targeting specific tumor-associated antigens (TAA) presented by MHC molecules, rather than using broad-spectrum cytotoxic therapies. This segmentation allows the immune system to specifically recognize and attack cancer cells while sparing normal cells, thereby improving treatment effectiveness while reducing side effects.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses MHC-peptide complexes as intermediaries to bridge the immune system and cancer cells. By identifying and targeting specific peptide epitopes that are presented by MHC molecules on cancer cells, the therapy enables T-cells to specifically recognize and eliminate tumor cells without affecting healthy tissues, thus improving reliability while minimizing harmful effects.
2Reliability
If tumor-associated antigens are identified for immunotherapy, then specific anti-tumor immune responses can be stimulated, but the challenge of identifying effective antigens remains
Solution Approach 1:
The invention performs preliminary identification and characterization of tumor-associated peptide epitopes before developing the full immunotherapy. By pre-identifying specific peptides that are presented by MHC molecules on cancer cells and can be recognized by T-cells, the invention streamlines the subsequent therapy development process and ensures target validity.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces traditional, labor-intensive methods of antigen identification with a systematic approach using mass spectrometry and immunological assays to detect and characterize MHC-bound peptides. This substitution of detection methods enables more efficient and accurate identification of effective tumor-associated antigens for immunotherapy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The peptides stimulate potent and specific antitumor immune responses, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes for NSCLC and other cancers by targeting tumor cells while minimizing adverse reactions, and serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
Implementation Method 1
peptides, such as those with the amino acid sequence KVLEHVVRV, that bind to MHC class I or II molecules
Implementation Method 2
induce T-cell responses, used in vaccine compositions or as targets for T-cell receptors to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.