Percutaneous Atrioventricular Valve with Expandable Support
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current surgical methods for replacing or repairing mitral and tricuspid cardiac valves are invasive and risky, especially for elderly patients, as they require open-heart surgery and the use of a heart-lung machine, whereas a minimally invasive percutaneous approach could offer safer and more accessible treatment options for valvular insufficiency and end-stage heart failure.
Innovation Solution
A percutaneous apparatus comprising an expandable support member with anchoring portions and a cage-like main body, an expandable ring, and a prosthetic valve, which is introduced through the vasculature and deployed in the atrial chamber to replace the diseased valve, allowing for minimally invasive replacement of both mitral and tricuspid valves under local anesthesia.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If surgical valve replacement or repair is performed using traditional open-heart surgery methods, then the valve can be replaced or repaired effectively, but the patient is exposed to high surgical risks and requires use of a heart-lung machine
Solution Approach 1:
A catheter serves as an intermediary device to deliver the prosthetic valve prosthesis from the femoral vein to the mitral valve position without requiring open-heart surgery or heart-lung machine support. The catheter enables percutaneous access and controlled deployment of the valve replacement device
Solution Approach 2:
The traditional mechanical open-heart surgical approach is replaced with a minimally invasive percutaneous catheter-based system. The prosthetic valve is delivered through vascular access and deployed using catheter manipulation rather than surgical incision and direct manipulation
2Reliability
If open-heart surgery is performed for valve replacement, then the diseased valve can be replaced, but the procedure is invasive and requires hospitalization and recovery time
Solution Approach 1:
The catheter acts as a mediator that enables the prosthetic valve to be delivered through the vascular system to the heart, avoiding the need for surgical incision into the chest and heart. This intermediary approach transforms an invasive surgical procedure into a minimally invasive percutaneous procedure
Solution Approach 2:
The prosthetic valve prosthesis is nested within the catheter in a compressed state during delivery. Once positioned at the mitral valve, the prosthesis is expanded from its compressed delivery configuration to its functional expanded configuration, similar to nested dolls
3Reliability
If traditional surgical methods are used for valve replacement, then the procedure can be performed with direct vision, but elderly patients face increased risks and complications
Solution Approach 1:
The catheter-based delivery system serves as an intermediary that eliminates the need for surgical incisions, sternotomy, and cardiopulmonary bypass in elderly patients. The percutaneous approach reduces physiological stress and surgical trauma while maintaining valve replacement effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The procedure parameters are changed from major surgical intervention to minimally invasive percutaneous access. This parameter change reduces the physiological burden on elderly patients while achieving the same therapeutic outcome of valve replacement
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for percutaneously replacing a diseased cardiac valve includes an expandable support member for positioning in an atrial chamber. The expandable support member includes at least one anchoring portion for anchoring in at least one opening that extends from the atrial chamber and a main body portion located adjacent the at least one anchoring portion. The main body portion has a cage-like structure and is adapted to conform to a size and shape of the atrial chamber. An expandable ring is selectively connected to the main body portion. The expandable ring is adapted to engage an annulus of the diseased cardiac valve. A prosthetic valve is attached to the expandable ring. The prosthetic valve is adapted to replace the diseased cardiac valve. A method for percutaneously replacing a diseased cardiac valve is also described.