Perfect-Flowered Grapevine Breeding via Non-VvMybA1 Mutations
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for new bunch grapevine plants that are perfect-flowered and produce fruit with new colors and/or new combinations of color and flavor, as existing varieties often require cross-pollination and have limited color and flavor options.
Innovation Solution
The development of white-fruited, perfect-flowered, bunch grapevines through breeding and genetic modification using non-VvMybA1 mutations, allowing for the production of grapes and grape products with novel colors and flavor profiles, such as white wines that taste like red wines.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If breeders use traditional bunch grapevines (Vitis vinifera and related species), then they can produce commercially viable grapes, but most existing varieties require cross-pollination and have limited color and flavor options
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by introducing non-VvMybA1 mutations (specifically in genes like VvDFR, VvANS, VvLDOX, or VvANS2) to alter the biochemical pathways responsible for anthocyanin synthesis. This enables the creation of perfect-flowered grapevines with novel color expressions (white, green, yellow, orange, pink, red, purple, blue, or black fruits) and new flavor profiles without requiring cross-pollination, thus simultaneously improving versatility and ease of operation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs copying by transferring specific genetic mutations (non-VvMybA1 variants) from one grapevine variety to another through breeding programs. By copying these mutant alleles into perfect-flowered backgrounds, breeders can replicate desirable color and flavor traits while maintaining self-fertility, thereby expanding color options without the cross-pollination constraint
2Adaptability or versatility
If breeders introduce new color variations through genetic modification, then they can create novel grape products, but they are limited by the available genetic mutations and breeding complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent systematically changes genetic parameters by targeting specific genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (VvDFR, VvANS, VvLDOX, VvANS2) with known non-VvMybA1 mutations. This focused approach to parameter change reduces breeding complexity compared to random mutagenesis, as breeders can selectively introgress specific mutant alleles into perfect-flowered varieties to achieve predictable color and flavor outcomes
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses perfect-flowered bunch grapevines as intermediary carriers to transfer non-VvMybA1 color mutations. These intermediary varieties serve as bridges between the mutation source and commercial cultivars, simplifying the breeding process by providing stable, self-fertile backgrounds that already possess the desired flower morphology and can be easily propagated
3Adaptability or versatility
If breeders focus on white-fruited varieties with non-VvMybA1 mutations, then they can produce unique grape products like white wines with red wine flavors, but they limit the overall genetic diversity of the grapevine population
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes multiple genetic parameters simultaneously by introducing non-VvMybA1 mutations that affect both color and flavor pathways. By targeting genes like VvDFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) and VvANS (anthocyanidin synthase), the invention creates grapevines with decoupled color-flavor relationships, enabling products like white wines with red wine flavor profiles while maintaining genetic stability through self-fertility
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies universality by developing perfect-flowered grapevines that can serve multiple functions: they are self-fertile (eliminating the need for cross-pollination), they produce novel colors and flavors (expanding product variety), and they maintain stable inheritance patterns (preserving genetic composition). This multi-functionality allows a single variety to address multiple breeding goals simultaneously
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure relates to a white-fruited, perfect-flowered, bunch grapevine having white fruit due to a non-VyMybA1 genetic mutation. Methods for producing the grapevine can utilize or include, for example, breeding, mutagenesis, recombinant DNA, and/or gene editing. The grapevine can be used to obtain achieve new grape colors and/or new combinations of color and flavor.