Perfluorocarbon Electrolyte Membrane for Low-Swelling Redox Flow Batteries

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Solution Overview

Problem

Redox flow batteries face challenges with electrolyte membranes that swell upon contact with electrolyte solutions, leading to reduced battery performance and potential membrane cracking, and existing solutions either compromise ion selectivity or increase self-discharge.

Innovation Solution

The development of an electrolyte membrane with a perfluorocarbon polymer having an ion-exchange group, specifically with an equivalent weight of 600 g/eq to 2000 g/eq, and a craze area ratio of 1.5% or less, which is treated to maintain relative dimensions within certain ranges when dipped in sulfuric acid or distilled water, enhancing durability and reducing self-discharge.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If the membrane is thinned to reduce resistance, then electrical resistance decreases, but ion selectivity deteriorates and self-discharge increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical resistanceVSAvoidion selectivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the equivalent weight of the perfluorocarbon polymer (600-2000 g/eq) and the craze area ratio (1.5% or less). These parameter optimizations allow the membrane to achieve both low resistance and high ion selectivity simultaneously, resolving the trade-off between electrical resistance and ion selectivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Use of energy by moving object

If the membrane is thinned to reduce resistance, then electrical resistance decreases, but membrane strength deteriorates leading to cracking

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical resistanceVSAvoidmembrane strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses composite material design by combining perfluorocarbon polymer with specific equivalent weight characteristics and controlling the craze structure. This composite approach creates a membrane that maintains high strength even at thin configurations (1-500 μm), preventing cracking while keeping resistance low.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Stability of the object's composition

If the membrane incorporates swelling control measures, then dimensional stability improves, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedimensional stabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent achieves dimensional stability through parameter changes in the polymer structure (equivalent weight 600-2000 g/eq) and swelling control (1.5% or less). This approach provides excellent dimensional stability without requiring complex manufacturing processes, as the stability is inherent in the material properties rather than achieved through complex structural designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively suppresses self-discharge and maintains excellent battery performance by controlling membrane dimensions and permeability, thereby extending the membrane's service life and preventing cracking.

Implementation Method 1

The membrane used is generally an electrolyte membrane having a function of permitting permeation of a proton in the electrolyte solution, and blocking active material ions present in a positive electrode cell and a negative electrode cell

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon exchange: Ion Exchange

Implementation Method 2

An electrolyte membrane of a perfluorocarbon polymer generally used swells upon contact with an electrolyte solution, causing change in dimension

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSwelling:

Implementation Method 3

the membrane has insufficient blocking properties, which in turn allow the active material ions to pass through the membrane and diffuse, resulting in reduction in battery capacity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion barrier: Diffusion Barrier

Data Source

PatentEP3937282B1Electrolyte membrane for redox flow battery, redox flow battery, and method for producing electrolyte membrane
Publication Date: 2024.12.25 ASAHI KASEI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
  • EP3937282B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3937282B1 patent drawingFigure 2(a)~2(b)
  • EP3937282B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The present invention provides an electrolyte membrane for a redox flow battery, comprising a perfluorocarbon polymer having an ion-exchange group, wherein the perfluorocarbon polymer has equivalent weight EW of the ion-exchange group of 600 g/eq or more and 2000 g/eq or less, a craze area ratio of the electrolyte membrane is 1.5% or less, and a relative dimension of the electrolyte membrane in at least one of a X direction and a Y direction is 80% or more and less than 100% in the following relative dimension by dipping in 2 M aqueous sulfuric acid solution.