Extinguishing material and preparation method thereof
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Solution Overview
Problem
Perfluorohexanone, a promising fire extinguishing agent, has a low boiling point, making it volatile and difficult to store and use effectively in microcapsule form, with existing solutions requiring special storage and trigger equipment, and often resulting in limited fire extinguishing performance due to the need for auxiliary materials that lack fire extinguishing properties.
Innovation Solution
Development of perfluorohexanone microcapsules with a controlled core-wall ratio and a polymer shell that softens and ruptures at 80-130°C, releasing the agent automatically, allowing for the creation of various fire extinguishing materials like powders, slurry, patches, and coatings without the need for special storage or trigger equipment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If perfluorohexanone is used as a fire extinguishing agent, then fire extinguishing effectiveness is improved, but storage and handling difficulty increases due to low boiling point and high volatility
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing system is segmented into microcapsule units, each containing perfluorohexanone droplets encapsulated by polymer shells. This segmentation allows the volatile agent to be contained in small, stable units that can be stored and handled like powder or granular material, eliminating the need for pressurized containers while maintaining fire extinguishing effectiveness upon activation.
Solution Approach 2:
A polymer shell is formed around each perfluorohexanone droplet to create a flexible encapsulating film. This thin film barrier prevents volatilization during storage and handling, while being designed to rupture at fire temperatures, thus resolving the contradiction between containment stability and activation responsiveness.
2Loss of substance
If auxiliary materials are added to adsorb perfluorohexanone, then volatility is reduced, but fire extinguishing performance decreases due to lower core material proportion
Solution Approach 1:
The polymer shell parameters (composition, thickness, crosslinking degree) are optimized to achieve the desired volatility control without requiring auxiliary adsorbent materials. By adjusting the polymerization conditions and shell structure, the system maintains high perfluorohexanone content (90-99% by weight) while effectively preventing premature volatilization, thus preserving fire extinguishing performance.
3Stability of the object's composition
If microcapsule wall thickness is increased to reduce volatility, then storage stability is improved, but fire extinguishing response time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The microcapsule shell exhibits local quality variations through controlled thickness distribution and compositional gradients. The shell is designed with optimal local thickness (1-10 μm) that provides sufficient barrier function for storage stability while ensuring rapid heat penetration and rupture response when exposed to fire conditions, thus balancing stability and response speed.
Solution Approach 2:
Composite polymer materials with different thermal properties are used in the shell structure. The composite composition includes polymers with appropriate glass transition temperatures and thermal conductivities, creating a shell that maintains structural integrity during storage but undergoes rapid phase change and rupture at fire temperatures, resolving the contradiction between stability and response speed.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a stable and effective fire extinguishing material with a high core-wall ratio, long storage life, and wide application scenarios, achieving rapid fire extinguishing without the need for manual intervention and minimizing gasification loss, while maintaining performance across various temperatures and humidity levels.
Implementation Method 1
a polymer shell that softens and ruptures at 80-130°C, releasing the agent automatically
Implementation Method 2
Its heat of vaporization is only 1/25 of that of water, and its vapor pressure is 25 times that of water. These properties make it easy to vaporize and quickly absorb heat to achieve the effect of fire extinguishing.
Data Source
AI summary
A perfluorohexanone microcapsule with a high core-wall ratio is provided. In the perfluorohexanone microcapsule, there is no need for auxiliary materials/fillers and other adsorption or high-boiling solvent to dissolve perfluorohexanone. By coating the microcapsule shell with secondary polymers, the shell strength of the microcapsule is improved, the volatilization loss of perfluorohexanone is reduced, and the problem of short storage life of the perfluorohexanone microcapsule material is overcome, so that it has commercial application value. The perfluorohexanone microcapsule can be further compounded with various materials and interfaces to obtain various fire extinguishing materials with perfluorohexanone microcapsule as the core component. This kind of fire extinguishing material can be dry powder of perfluorohexanone microcapsules, and can also be made into shapes suitable for various surfaces, such as fire extinguishing stickers, fire extinguishing blankets and fire-fighting clothes with various thicknesses.