Perfluoropolymer Plastic Surface Modification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers exhibit inadequate assembly properties and sliding friction properties, as well as high wear when used under tribological conditions, necessitating improved tribological performance and reduced wear.

Innovation Solution

Modified plastic surfaces are created by chemically coupling reactive -NH and -OH groups on the plastic surface with perfluoropolymer carboxylic acid halides or grafted (meth)acrylic acid halides via perfluoropolymer (peroxy) radicals, achieved through a reactive conversion under mechanical stress at room temperature, resulting in improved tribological properties and reduced wear.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If perfluoropolymer powders are applied to plastic surfaces, then assembly properties and sliding friction properties are improved, but wear resistance remains insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassembly propertiesVSAvoidwear resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The plastic surface is pre-modified with reactive groups (-NH or -OH) before perfluoropolymer application. This preliminary chemical activation ensures that when perfluoropolymer powder is applied, it chemically couples to the surface, creating a durable coating that resists wear while maintaining excellent assembly and sliding friction properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite structure combining chemically modified plastic substrate with perfluoropolymer coating. The reactive groups on the plastic surface form chemical bonds with perfluoropolymer, creating a composite material system that exhibits superior wear resistance compared to physical coating alone, while preserving the low friction and good assembly properties of perfluoropolymer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If perfluoropolymer is chemically coupled to plastic surface, then wear resistance improves, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewear resistanceVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the chemical parameter of the plastic surface by introducing reactive groups (-NH or -OH) through surface modification. This parameter change enables chemical coupling with perfluoropolymer, improving wear resistance. The process uses controlled chemical reactions at the surface level without requiring complex equipment or multi-step procedures, thus limiting the increase in manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If reactive groups are introduced on plastic surface, then chemical coupling with perfluoropolymer is enabled, but surface compatibility with other materials decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechemical coupling capabilityVSAvoidsurface compatibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The reactive groups are introduced locally on the plastic surface rather than throughout the bulk material. This localized modification creates specific zones with chemical reactivity for perfluoropolymer coupling, while the rest of the plastic maintains its original properties and compatibility with other materials. The surface treatment is confined to the outer layer, preserving bulk material characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The modified surfaces demonstrate enhanced assembly properties, reduced sliding friction, and significantly lower wear, leading to improved service life and performance in tribological applications.

Implementation Method 1

polyfluoroalkyl polymers, such as PTFE and/or PFA for example, are radiation-chemically degraded when exposed to high-energy radiation such as electron beams and/or gamma rays

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadiation-chemical degradation: Radiation

Implementation Method 2

exposed to high-energy radiation such as electron beams and/or gamma rays

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron beam irradiation: Electron Beam

Implementation Method 3

exposed to high-energy radiation such as electron beams and/or gamma rays

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGamma ray irradiation: Radiation

Implementation Method 4

at least the reactive -NH groups and/or -OH groups present at the surface of plastics are present in a chemically covalently coupled manner with the perfluoropolymer carboxylic acid halide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical bonding: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 5

grafted (meth)acrylic acid halides via perfluoropolymer (peroxy) radicals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFree radical reaction: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentUS11708471B2Modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers and method for producing same
Publication Date: 2023.07.25 LEIBNIZ INST FUR POLYMERFORSCHUNG DRESDEN EV

AI summary

Modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided, whereby plastic surfaces that are intended for use under tribological conditions have substantially improved assembly properties and/or sliding friction properties and exhibit a very low degree of wear. Accordingly, modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided in which, after a reactive conversion under mechanical stress at room temperature, at least the reactive —NH groups and/or —OH groups present at the surface of plastics are present in a chemically covalently coupled manner with the perfluoropolymer carboxylic acid halide present at least in the surface-proximate region of modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders and/or with the grafted (meth)acrylic acid halide present via perfluoropolymer (peroxy) radicals of the perfluoropolymer (micro)powders and/or (meth)acrylic acid that has been modified into (meth)acrylic acid halide before the reactive conversion.