Perforating Gun Detonator Continuity Verification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems lack a reliable and convenient method for verifying electrical continuity from the surface to detonators in perforating systems used for creating perforations in wellbores, which is crucial for initiating detonation of shaped charges.

Innovation Solution

A system comprising a perforating gun with a communication line connected to a controller, a detonator, and an electrical meter to measure electricity flow, along with a selectively opened and closed continuity switch and arming switch, allows for testing electrical continuity by flowing a test current through the detonator and monitoring it with a meter.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If electrical continuity testing is performed from the surface to detonators in perforating systems, then reliability of detonation initiation is improved, but device complexity increases due to additional testing equipment and procedures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereliability of detonation initiationVSAvoidcomplexity of electrical continuity testing system
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs electrical continuity testing before deploying the perforating system into the wellbore. The test circuit is configured and activated prior to insertion, allowing verification of electrical connections while the system is still accessible at the surface. This preliminary testing prevents potential detonation failures without requiring complex in-situ testing equipment deep in the wellbore.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If comprehensive electrical continuity testing is implemented, then safety against failed detonations is improved, but loss of time increases due to additional testing procedures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety against failed detonationsVSAvoidtime for system retrieval and repair
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

Electrical continuity testing is performed at the surface before the perforating system is inserted into the wellbore. This allows all electrical connections to be verified while the system is still accessible, eliminating the need for time-consuming retrieval operations. Any defects are identified and corrected before deployment, preventing wasted time on system recovery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The test circuit is designed to automatically verify electrical continuity without requiring complex manual intervention or specialized equipment. The system uses existing components such as the detonator, detonating cord, and wireline to create a self-contained testing mechanism that can be rapidly activated and deactivated, minimizing time consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Device complexity

If electrical continuity verification is performed using existing wireline and detonator components, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision may be insufficient for reliable detection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesimplicity of testing systemVSAvoidprecision of electrical continuity detection
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The existing wireline and detonator components are designed to serve multiple functions: both communication/control and electrical continuity testing. The wireline acts as both the deployment cable and the test circuit conductor, while the detonator serves both as the initiation device and the test load. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate specialized testing equipment, maintaining simplicity while achieving reliable detection through proper circuit configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables reliable verification of electrical connectivity to detonators, reducing the risk of failed detonations and allowing for efficient identification of system defects closer to the surface, thereby saving time and resources in system retrieval and repair.

Implementation Method 1

an electrical meter to measure electricity flow... the electrical meter can monitor the flow of the test current

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical current measurement: Ohm's Law

Implementation Method 2

The signal ignites high explosive in the detonator 38 that transfers to the attached detonation cord 36

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical energy to chemical energy transformation:

Implementation Method 3

When the high explosive in a shaped charge 24 is detonated, the force of the detonation collapses the liner

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDetonation: Detonation

Implementation Method 4

When the high explosive in a shaped charge 24 is detonated, the force of the detonation collapses the liner and ejects it from one end of the shaped charge 24 at very high velocity in a pattern called a 'jet' 26

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDetonation force: Explosion

Implementation Method 5

The jet 26 perforates casing 28 that lines the wellbore 12 and cement 30 and creates a perforation 32 that extends into the surrounding formation 34

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHigh velocity jet impact: Impact Force

Data Source

PatentEP2670948B1Device for verifying detonator connection
Publication Date: 2017.05.31 BAKER HUGHES CO
  • EP2670948B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2670948B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2670948B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A perforating system having a perforating gun with shaped charges, a chassis sub, a communication line in communication with a controller and extending through the chassis sub and perforating gun, a selectively opened and closed continuity switch in the communication line, a lead line connecting the communication line to a detonator, and an arming switch in the lead line. A method of testing the detonator involves confirming electrical continuity through the detonator.