Periocular Face Recognition Switching for Occluded Authentication

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Solution Overview

Problem

Facial recognition systems often fail when a user's face is partially occluded, leading to increased false acceptance rates or reduced usability, as maintaining high security levels becomes challenging with partial occlusions.

Innovation Solution

A method and device that utilize a neural network module trained on both full and partial face images, including periocular regions, to enhance facial recognition authentication by processing both two-dimensional and three-dimensional image data, employing innovative use of specific technical entities such as a neural network module and a secure enclave processor, which includes a secure enclave processor (SEP) for secure authentication, and a camera system with infrared illuminators to capture and process images for enhanced security and usability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If full face facial recognition is used with high security restrictions, then false acceptance rate is reduced, but usability deteriorates when face is occluded

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefalse acceptance rateVSAvoidusability with occlusion
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the facial recognition process into two distinct pathways: full-face recognition for unoccluded images and periocular recognition for occluded images. This segmentation allows the system to apply appropriate security levels to each scenario, maintaining high security for full-face recognition while enabling usability for occluded images through the alternative periocular pathway.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically switches between full-face recognition and periocular recognition modes based on the detection of occlusion in the input image. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to maintain optimal security and usability by selecting the appropriate recognition mode for each specific situation, rather than using a fixed approach.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Ease of operation

If security restrictions are relaxed to allow authentication with occluded faces, then usability is improved, but false acceptance rate increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveusability with occlusionVSAvoidfalse acceptance rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies different recognition criteria and security thresholds to different facial regions based on occlusion status. For occluded images, it focuses specifically on the periocular region with appropriate security restrictions, rather than applying relaxed restrictions to the entire face. This local quality approach maintains security while enabling occlusion tolerance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Measurement precision

If full face recognition is used, then authentication accuracy is high, but the system fails when face is occluded

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication accuracyVSAvoidauthentication success rate with occlusion
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system introduces an occlusion detection intermediary that analyzes the input image to determine whether occlusion is present. Based on this detection, it routes the authentication process to either full-face recognition (for high accuracy when unoccluded) or periocular recognition (for reliability when occluded). This intermediary mechanism ensures both accuracy and reliability across different scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP3623995B1Periocular face recognition switching
Publication Date: 2025.12.17 APPLE INC
  • EP3623995B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3623995B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3623995B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A facial recognition authentication process operating on a device may capture an image of a user using a camera on the device. The facial recognition authentication process may include operating a full face facial recognition authentication process on the captured image or operating a partial face facial recognition authentication process on the captured image. The process may determine which process to operate (either full face or partial face) based on an assessment of an amount of occlusion in the captured image. The partial face facial recognition authentication process may be operated when there is at least some occlusion of selected features (e.g., nose and/or mouth) on the user's face in the captured image.