PermagreenWhite Pepper Color Stability and Blind Plant Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current pepper varieties that remain green at maturity often develop an undesirable olive-green color at over-maturity, which is perceived negatively by consumers, and are associated with a high incidence of blind plants, a developmental abnormality that reduces yield.
Innovation Solution
Crossing a permagreen pepper with a permawhite pepper to produce plants with the clclwtwt genotype, which maintains a green color at maturity and over-maturity without olive-green tint, and identifying a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 8 to reduce susceptibility to the blind phenotype.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If the clclWTWT genotype is used to maintain green color at maturity, then the green color is preserved, but the fruit develops an undesirable olive-green color at over-maturity
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the genetic parameters by introducing a mutation in the wt gene (phytoene synthase) in addition to the cl gene mutation. This dual-mutation approach (clclwtwt genotype) modifies the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway parameters to prevent capsanthin and capsorubin synthesis while maintaining chlorophyll stability, thereby avoiding olive-green coloration at over-maturity while preserving green color at maturity.
2Stability of the object's composition
If the clclWTWT genotype is used to maintain green color at maturity, then the green color is preserved, but the incidence of blind plants increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the genetic composition by introducing a wt gene mutation alongside the cl gene mutation. This genetic parameter change creates a new genotype (clclwtwt) that maintains the desired green color stability while simultaneously reducing the incidence of blind plants, likely by altering the expression patterns or interactions of genes involved in both color determination and plant development.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If the y gene is non-functional (yy genotype), then red pigments are not synthesized, but the fruit color becomes yellow instead of green
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the genetic parameter by mutating the wt gene (phytoene synthase) which acts upstream in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. By blocking the pathway at an earlier stage (phytoene synthesis) rather than at the capsanthin-capsorubin synthesis stage (y gene), the invention prevents the accumulation of yellow carotenoids while maintaining green color through chlorophyll retention, achieving a different biochemical parameter change to reach the same green color outcome.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to the invention relates to Capsicum plants which produce fruits which are and remain green at maturity and/or over-maturity, and not olive green like existing evergreen varieties, wherein said plants homozygously comprises in their genome a mutant allele of the cl gene encoding the Capsicum stay-green (CaSGR) protein and a mutant allele of the wt gene encoding the phytoene synthase (PSY) protein. The invention also relates to parts and cells of said plants, in particular pepper fruits which are and remain green at maturity and/or over-maturity. The invention also relates to methods for producing said Capsicum plants and methods for identifying, detecting and/or selecting said plants.