Permeable Membrane for Blood Coagulation Testing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing blood coagulation testing methods face challenges in accurately measuring coagulation processes due to signal quenching caused by red blood cell hemolysis, especially at high heparin levels, which affects the reliability of fluorescence-based tests.
Innovation Solution
A permeable membrane with a smooth side for sample application and a rough side for signal detection, featuring pores that exclude red blood cells and allow platelet participation, along with a substrate that reacts with coagulation cascade components to produce a detectable signal, is used to improve fluorescence detection and reduce quenching.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a permeable membrane with pores is used to allow blood components to interact with the substrate, then platelet participation is enabled and coagulation process is maintained, but red blood cells can pass through and cause signal quenching
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a membrane with specifically engineered pore dimensions (0.3-1.0 micrometers) that act as a physical filter. This porous structure allows platelets (0.3-3.0 micrometers) to pass through and interact with the substrate while blocking larger red blood cells (6-8 micrometers), thereby preventing signal quenching while maintaining coagulation process integrity
Solution Approach 2:
The membrane introduces spatial differentiation in the test system by creating distinct zones: an application area where whole blood is deposited, a separation zone (the membrane itself) that filters components, and a detection area where the substrate reacts with selected blood components. This local quality control ensures that only appropriate blood components reach the detection zone
2Object-affected harmful factors
If the membrane pores are made smaller to exclude red blood cells, then signal quenching is reduced, but platelet participation in coagulation may be limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the pore size parameter within a specific range (0.3-1.0 micrometers) to achieve the desired balance. This parameter selection allows the membrane to function as a selective filter that excludes red blood cells while permitting platelet passage, thereby simultaneously reducing signal quenching and maintaining platelet participation in the coagulation cascade
3Ease of operation
If a smooth membrane surface is used for sample application, then sample distribution is improved, but signal detection sensitivity may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the asymmetric structure of the membrane, with a smooth side optimized for sample application and a rough side optimized for signal detection. The smooth surface facilitates even sample distribution and contact, while the rough surface increases the effective surface area for fluorescence detection, thereby optimizing both ease of operation and measurement precision
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances the accuracy of coagulation test results by minimizing signal quenching and allowing platelet participation, particularly in tests requiring longer clotting times or higher anticoagulation states.
Implementation Method 1
a permeable membrane with a smooth side for sample application and a rough side for signal detection, featuring pores that exclude red blood cells and allow platelet participation
Implementation Method 2
a substrate that reacts with coagulation cascade components to produce a detectable signal
Implementation Method 3
The substrate reacts with a component of the coagulation process to produce a detectable signal
Data Source
AI summary
Articles for testing a coagulation process in whole blood.