Single-Crystal Perovskite Growth Without Anti-Solvents
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Solution Overview
Problem
The preparation of single crystal perovskite for solar cells is time-consuming and requires complex apparatus, and existing methods use environmentally harmful anti-solvents, limiting the efficiency and widespread application of single crystal perovskite solar cells.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the use of additives such as C1 to C30 aliphatic and aromatic ammonium or amine salts, combined with vacuum and atmospheric pressure switching, forms single crystal perovskite without anti-solvents, reducing process time and simplifying apparatus complexity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional methods are used to prepare single crystal perovskite, then high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be achieved, but the process time becomes extremely long (several hours to a week) and the apparatus becomes significantly complicated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the pressure parameter from conventional constant pressure to dynamic pressure switching (vacuum to atmospheric pressure). This parameter change enables single crystal perovskite formation within 1-10 minutes, reducing process time from several hours to a week to just over a minute, while maintaining high photoelectric conversion efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes phase transition of the perovskite precursor solution through pressure-induced crystallization. By switching from vacuum state to atmospheric pressure, the solution undergoes rapid phase change to form single crystal perovskite, eliminating the need for prolonged heating or complex multi-step processes
2Reliability
If conventional methods are used to prepare single crystal perovskite, then high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be achieved, but the apparatus becomes significantly complicated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the need for complex heating systems, multi-step processing equipment, and prolonged reaction chambers. By using simple vacuum-to-atmospheric pressure switching, the apparatus is reduced to basic vacuum chamber and pressure control mechanisms, significantly simplifying the overall system while maintaining single crystal quality
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex thermal and chemical processing mechanisms with a simple pressure-driven mechanical system. Instead of using prolonged heating, multiple treatment steps, or complex reaction conditions, the invention uses pressure switching to achieve single crystal formation, substituting mechanical pressure control for complex thermal-chemical processing
3Reliability
If anti-solvents are used in the preparation process, then single crystal perovskite can be formed, but environmental friendliness is compromised due to harmful chemicals
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful effect of requiring anti-solvents into a benefit by using pressure switching to achieve the same crystallization effect without any harmful chemicals. The vacuum-to-atmospheric pressure transition creates favorable conditions for single crystal formation naturally, eliminating the need for toxic anti-solvent additives while maintaining crystal quality
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses vacuum state as an inert environment to enable single crystal formation without harmful anti-solvents. The vacuum condition creates a clean, controlled atmosphere that allows perovskite crystallization to proceed naturally during pressure switching, avoiding contamination from chemical anti-solvents and improving environmental friendliness
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables efficient and environmentally friendly production of single crystal perovskite, enhancing the performance of solar cells by reducing trap densities and improving carrier diffusion lengths.
Implementation Method 1
forming a preliminary thin film by applying a perovskite precursor solution containing an additive on a substrate
Implementation Method 2
exposing the preliminary thin film to a vacuum state by transferring the preliminary thin film to a vacuum chamber
Implementation Method 3
switching an internal pressure of the vacuum chamber to an atmospheric pressure... forms single crystal perovskite
Data Source
AI summary
A method of forming single crystal perovskite according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: forming a preliminary thin film by applying a perovskite precursor solution containing an additive on a substrate; exposing the preliminary thin film to a vacuum state by transferring the preliminary thin film to a vacuum chamber; and switching an internal pressure of the vacuum chamber to an atmospheric pressure, wherein the additive includes a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 aliphatic ammonium salt, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromatic ammonium salt, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 aliphatic amine salt, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromatic amine salt, or a combination thereof.