Perovskite Photoelectric Element Layout for Low-Resistance Cell Connection
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge in manufacturing photoelectric conversion elements using perovskite compounds is the inefficient patterning of films, which leads to increased electrical resistance and potential short circuits due to residual active layers and cracks in the conductive metal oxide layers during scribing, especially when using flexible substrates.
Innovation Solution
A photoelectric conversion element design with a specific composition and layered structure for the active layer, including a perovskite compound layer and unreacted/partially reacted compound layers, combined with a conductive connection through a conductive portion in a dividing groove, allowing efficient electrical connection without excessive pressure or material residue.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a silicon oxide film is formed by a sputtering method to serve as a hole extraction layer, then the hole extraction capability is improved, but the manufacturing complexity and process time increase due to requiring vacuum equipment and multiple process steps
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the physical vapor deposition (sputtering) method with a chemical solution-based spin coating method to form the silicon oxide layer. This substitution eliminates the need for vacuum equipment and complex process control, significantly simplifying the manufacturing process while maintaining the hole extraction functionality through subsequent hydrophilic modification
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the formation method parameter from physical sputtering to chemical spin coating, and further modifies the surface properties through hydrophilic treatment. This parameter change transforms an complex vacuum-based process into a simple solution-based process that achieves the same functional outcome with reduced complexity
2Reliability
If a silicon oxide film is formed by a sputtering method to serve as a hole extraction layer, then the hole extraction capability is improved, but the production cost increases due to requiring expensive vacuum equipment and facilities
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes expensive vacuum-based sputtering equipment with inexpensive solution-based spin coating equipment. This replacement dramatically reduces capital expenditure and operational costs while achieving equivalent or superior hole extraction performance through the combination of spin coating and hydrophilic modification
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs inexpensive chemical solutions and simple processing steps that can be performed with basic laboratory equipment. The use of disposable spin coating plates and simple chemical treatments replaces expensive, maintenance-intensive vacuum systems, reducing both initial investment and ongoing operational costs
3Device complexity
If conventional organic compounds are used as host materials in phosphorescent dopants, then the device structure is simple, but the external quantum efficiency is limited to below 30% due to aggregation-caused quenching
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite host-dopant systems where phosphorescent dopants are embedded in carefully selected host matrices. This composite approach prevents aggregation-caused quenching by maintaining optimal dopant-host interactions, achieving external quantum efficiency exceeding 30% while preserving the relatively simple device structure of conventional OLEDs
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the local chemical environment around phosphorescent dopants by selecting specific host materials with appropriate properties. This local optimization ensures that dopant molecules remain dispersed and active, preventing aggregation-induced efficiency loss while maintaining overall device structural simplicity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the electrical connectivity between adjacent cells, reduces manufacturing costs, and prevents short circuits while maintaining high power conversion efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
the photocatalytic layer has a hydrophilic interaction with water and oxygen, thereby the photocatalytic layer absorbs the water and oxygen from the atmosphere
Implementation Method 2
a photoelectric conversion element that converts light energy into electrical energy
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2A~2C
Figure 3
AI summary
A photoelectric conversion device includes: a substrate; a first photoelectric conversion element including a first substrate electrode, a first active layer and a first counter electrode; a second photoelectric conversion element including a second substrate electrode, a second active layer, and a second counter electrode; and a connection connecting the first counter electrode and the second substrate electrode. The second active layer is represented by a composition formula: AαBXχ, where A denotes at least one cation selected from monovalent cations, B denotes at least one cation selected from bivalent cations, and X denotes at least one ion selected from monovalent halogen ions; and the second active layer has a first and a second compound layer, the first compound layer containing a first compound satisfying 0.95 ≤ α, and 2.95 ≤ χ, and the second compound layer containing a second compound satisfying α < 0.95, and χ < 2.95.