Perovskite Solar Cell Passivation for Surface and Grain-Boundary Defects
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Solution Overview
Problem
Perovskite solar cells face stability issues due to deep and shallow energy level defects, which affect efficiency and long-term performance, and existing passivators, mainly monocyclic organic small molecular amines, do not adequately improve these issues.
Innovation Solution
A perovskite solar cell with a passivation layer containing an aza fused bicyclic compound and an organic acid salt, applied via an anti-solvent, is used to passivate defects on the perovskite surface and grain boundaries, enhancing stability and efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If a passivation layer containing conventional monocyclic organic small molecular amines is formed on the perovskite layer, then the manufacturing process can be simplified, but the efficiency and stability improvement is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical structure parameter of the passivator from monocyclic to fused bicyclic organic small molecular amines, which fundamentally alters the passivation mechanism and enables superior defect passivation on perovskite surfaces and grain boundaries, thereby achieving both process simplification and enhanced reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite passivation by combining fused bicyclic organic small molecular amines with conventional passivation layer formation methods, creating a synergistic effect where the novel passivator molecules simultaneously passivate multiple types of defects while maintaining the simplicity of the manufacturing process
2Reliability
If multiple separate steps are used to form the passivation layer (applying passivator solution, then annealing), then the passivation effect can be optimized, but the manufacturing process becomes complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the passivation step with the perovskite layer formation step by incorporating the fused bicyclic amine passivator into the same solution processing sequence, allowing simultaneous formation of the perovskite layer and passivation layer, thereby reducing process steps while maintaining optimized passivation effect
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies the passivator to the perovskite layer surface in advance during the solution processing stage, performing the passivation action before final annealing, which ensures defects are addressed early in the process while maintaining manufacturing simplicity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed passivation layer effectively improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by preventing cation decomposition and volatilization, reducing internal resistance, and simplifying the manufacturing process.
Implementation Method 1
organic small molecular ammonium salts can passivate the defects on the surface of perovskite and improve the efficiency and stability of the device
Implementation Method 2
applying an anti-solvent to extract a solvent from perovskite, causing the perovskite structure to precipitate
Implementation Method 3
heating the perovskite layer to remove excess solvent, changing the perovskite into an active perovskite phase
Implementation Method 4
heating the perovskite layer to remove excess solvent
Implementation Method 5
annealing the perovskite layer to remove the solvent to form a passivation layer on the perovskite layer
Data Source
Figure 1~2
AI summary
The present invention provides a perovskite solar cell comprising at least an electrode, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and a passivation layer. In the perovskite solar cell, the passivation layer contains a passivator, the passivator comprises an aza fused bicyclic compound and/or an organic salt formed from the aza fused bicyclic compound and an acid, each fused ring in the aza fused bicyclic compound is independently a five-membered or six-membered saturated ring, unsaturated ring or aromatic ring, the fused ring of the aza fused bicyclic compound contains 1-5 nitrogen atoms, and the fused ring is an unsubstituted ring or substituted with one or two substituents having 1-3 carbon atoms.