Perovskite Photovoltaic Cell Layout With Protective Transport Layers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Perovskite-based photovoltaic devices face deterioration due to reactions with common electrode materials, especially in devices with multiple cells where increased contact areas exacerbate the risk.
Innovation Solution
A photovoltaic device structure comprising a stack of layers including a first electrode layer, a photovoltaic layer, an intermediate charge carrier transport layer, and a second electrode layer, with the charge carrier transport layer serving to protect the photovoltaic layer and reduce contact areas between perovskite materials and electrodes, using transparent or non-transparent conductive materials and a substrate like glass or resin, and employing specific layer thicknesses and materials to mitigate deterioration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If perovskite-based photovoltaic devices use common electrode materials, then manufacturing cost is reduced, but the device deteriorates due to chemical reactions between perovskite and electrode materials
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediate layer between the perovskite photovoltaic layer and the common electrode materials. This intermediate layer acts as a protective barrier that prevents direct chemical reactions between the perovskite and electrode materials, thereby maintaining device stability while allowing the use of cost-effective common electrode materials.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material structures where the photovoltaic device consists of multiple layers including perovskite, intermediate protective layers, and electrode materials. This composite structure combines the advantages of low-cost common electrode materials with the protective function of intermediate layers, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing cost and device reliability.
2Power
If photovoltaic devices have multiple serially arranged cells, then power output is increased, but the risk of deterioration increases due to increased contact areas between perovskite and electrode materials
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the photovoltaic device into multiple serially arranged cells, each with its own intermediate protective layer. This segmentation approach allows the device to achieve higher power output through series connection while maintaining device stability by isolating each cell's perovskite-electrode interface with protective intermediate layers.
Solution Approach 2:
In multi-cell configurations, the patent applies intermediate protective layers at each cell's electrode interfaces. These intermediary layers prevent chemical reactions at each discrete contact area, thereby maintaining overall device stability even as the number of cells and total contact areas increase for higher power output.
3Reliability
If perovskite layer has large contact area with electrode materials, then electrical conductivity is improved, but chemical reactions between perovskite and electrode materials increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces intermediate protective layers between the perovskite and electrode materials that allow electrical conduction while preventing chemical reactions. These intermediary layers have appropriate electrical properties to maintain conductivity while providing chemical protection, thus resolving the contradiction between electrical conductivity and chemical stability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively reduces the risk of deterioration by insulating the photovoltaic layer from the electrode material, maintaining efficiency and stability in perovskite-based devices with multiple cells, while allowing for low-temperature processing and high conversion efficiency comparable to silicon-based devices.
Implementation Method 1
Photovoltaic devices are typically provided as panels having a plurality of serially arranged photovoltaic device cells
Implementation Method 2
an intermediate layer formed by a charge carrier transport layer
Data Source
AI summary
A photovoltaic device (1) is provided with a first electrode layer (11), a photovoltaic layer (13), a second charge carrier transport layer (14) and a second electrode layer (15). The photovoltaic device (1) has a plurality of mutually subsequent photovoltaic device cells (1A, . . . , 1F) arranged in a first direction (D1). Each pair of a photovoltaic cell (1C) and its successor are serially connected in an interface region (1CD). The interface region comprises an elongate region (R0) between successive first electrode layer portion (11C, 11D), a first elongate region (R1) between successive photovoltaic layer portions (13A, 13B), a second elongate region (R2) between successive second charge carrier transport layer portions (14C, 14D) and a third elongate region (R3) between successive second electrode layer (15) portions (15C, 15D). The second elongate region (R2) extends within the first elongate region (R1), and its lateral boundaries are distinct from those of the first elongate region (R1).