Perovskite Solar Cell Hole-Transporting Layer Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional photoelectric conversion elements, particularly perovskite solar cells, experience a decline in photoelectric conversion efficiency when exposed to high illuminance for extended periods, leading to durability issues under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
Innovation Solution
Incorporation of a compound represented by General Formula (1) or (1a) in the hole-transporting layer, which includes an alkali metal and specific functional groups, enhances the photoelectric conversion efficiency by maintaining high performance even after prolonged exposure to high illuminance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If conventional hole-transporting materials (Spiro and Li-TFSI) are used in perovskite solar cells, then the device can be produced by conventional printing units with reduced cost, but the durability under high temperature and high humidity conditions deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure of the hole-transporting material by introducing a boron atom bonded to three nitrogen atoms (forming a boron-nitrogen heterocyclic structure) and incorporating electron-attracting groups. This structural parameter change maintains compatibility with conventional printing production while fundamentally improving stability under high temperature and humidity conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite hole-transporting material that combines the boron-nitrogen heterocyclic core structure with electron-attracting groups (such as carbonyl, sulphonyl, or sulfinyl groups). This composite structure integrates the advantages of both conventional materials (ease of manufacture) and stable materials (durability), achieving both low production cost and high reliability.
2Productivity
If perovskite solar cells are exposed to light of high illuminance for a long period of time, then energy harvesting is achieved, but photoelectric conversion efficiency deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates the stable boron-nitrogen heterocyclic hole-transporting material into the device structure before exposure to high illuminance conditions. This preliminary structural preparation ensures that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is maintained during prolonged high-illuminance operation, preventing the deterioration that occurs with conventional materials.
3Reliability
If organic semiconductor components and halogen-containing polymers are used to improve high temperature and humidity durability, then stability is enhanced, but the structural complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and utilizes the essential stability-providing features (electron-attracting groups and heteroatom structures) from complex halogen-containing polymers and applies them to a simpler boron-nitrogen heterocyclic framework. This extraction approach maintains the stability benefits while reducing the overall structural complexity compared to using full halogen-containing polymer structures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed solution effectively maintains high photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability by using a compound with specific functional groups in the hole-transporting layer, ensuring stable performance under challenging environmental conditions.
Implementation Method 1
a hole-transporting layer; and a second electrode
Implementation Method 2
photoelectric conversion element includes: a first electrode; a perovskite layer
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3~4
Figure 5~6
AI summary
Photoelectric conversion element including: first electrode (2, 2a, 2b); perovskite layer (5); hole-transporting layer (6); and second electrode (7), wherein the hole-transporting layer (6) includes compound represented by General Formula (1) or (la) below: where M represents alkali metal; X1 and X2, which may be identical to or different from each other, each represent at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonyl group, sulphonyl group, and sulfinyl group; and X3 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of bivalent alkyl group, alkenyl group, and aryl group, and hydrogen atom of the bivalent alkyl group, the alkenyl group, and the aryl group may be substituted with halogen atom; where M+ represents organic cation; and X1, X2, and X3 have the same meanings as X1, X2, and X3 in the General Formula (1).