Perovskite Photoelectric Conversion Layer Formation Without Poor Solvent
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for forming perovskite layers in solar cells, such as the poor solvent method, are difficult to apply to coating methods other than spin coating, limiting the ability to achieve high-quality perovskite layers.
Innovation Solution
A photoelectric conversion element is designed with a hole transport layer containing a compound represented by chemical formula (I) and a perovskite compound formed from formamidine or its salt, allowing for the formation of a high-quality perovskite layer without using a poor solvent method.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If the poor solvent method is used to form a perovskite layer, then high-quality crystals and conversion efficiency are achieved, but the method is difficult to apply to coating methods other than spin coating
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the hole transport layer by introducing specific compounds (compounds I and II) with particular molecular structures containing electron-donating groups. This chemical parameter change enables the perovskite layer to form high-quality crystals without requiring the poor solvent method, thus achieving both high manufacturing precision and versatility across multiple coating techniques including spin coating, slot-die coating, and inkjet printing.
2Adaptability or versatility
If methods other than the poor solvent method are used to form a perovskite layer, then coating versatility is improved, but high-quality perovskite layer formation becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a specifically designed hole transport layer as an intermediary between the electrode and the perovskite layer. This intermediary layer, composed of compounds (I) and/or (II), mediates the formation process by providing a controlled interface that promotes high-quality perovskite crystal growth regardless of the coating method used, thus enabling both coating versatility and high manufacturing precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the hole transport layer by using compounds with specific structures (containing electron-donating groups like -NR2, -OR, or -SR). This parameter change in the hole transport layer's chemical properties creates optimal conditions for perovskite formation that are independent of the coating method, thereby achieving high manufacturing precision across multiple coating techniques.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables the formation of a high-quality perovskite layer with excellent characteristics, overcoming the limitations of the poor solvent method and expanding application to various coating techniques.
Implementation Method 1
solar cells using a perovskite material in the light absorption layer
Data Source
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AI summary
Provided is a photoelectric conversion element that can form a high-quality perovskite layer without using a poor solvent method, and that has excellent properties. The photoelectric conversion element is characterized by comprising a first electrode, an electron transport layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode, which are layered in this order, and characterized in that: the hole transport layer includes a compound represented by chemical formula (I); and the photoelectric conversion layer includes a perovskite compound that is formed of a material containing at least one of formamidine and a salt thereof. In chemical formula (I), Ar1 is a structure containing an aromatic ring; atoms that constitute the aromatic ring optionally include a heteroatom; Ar1 optionally includes a substituent other than -L1-X1; -L1-X1 may be single or multiple, and if multiple, the plurality of L1 may be mutually the same or different and the plurality of X1 may be mutually the same or different; each L1 may be an atom that binds Ar1 and X1 together, or a covalent bond; and each X1 may be a group capable of exchanging electrical charges with the first electrode.